THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF WORKING PLANS 247 



cultural system which will be used, and standard methods 

 established. 



In the completed plan the data secured under each topic 

 will be summarized and the conclusions stated. The following 

 points are of special importance: 



1. Silvicultural systems based on the most reliable silvical 

 data available, and upon careful observations on the part of 

 the working-plans officer (i.e., the forest organizer). 



2. A carefully drawn set of marking principles (marking 

 rules) designed to put into effect the silvicultural systems rec- 

 ommended. 



3. The maximum annual cut to be allowed during the ensu- 

 ing ten or fifteen years, and the approximate cuts for each 

 period of the rotation. 



4. The order in which the important bodies of merchantable 

 timber should be sold. 



5. The order in which areas needing artificial restocking 

 should be sowed or planted, and the acreage to be covered dur- 

 ing each year of the period for which detailed recommendations 

 are made. 



Under " Grazing,'' technical reconnaissance and special 

 studies should be conducted, following the general ground 

 covered under preliminary plans, but with more detail and 

 greater exactness; it should be directed as far as practicable 

 by grazing experts. 



The permanent improvement plan, protection plan, and plan 

 for uses of forest land for the forest should be considered and 

 developed as far as may be practicable in connection with the 

 intensive timber estimates and other investigations conducted 

 by working-plan parties. 



ANNUAL PLANS 



The annual reports, estimates, and recommendations sub- 

 mitted on the various Hues of forest work should be based upon 

 the preliminary or working plan for the forest and should refer 



