CHAP. LXXXIII GARIGUE 



305 



angustifolia, Euphorbia dendroides ; the woody umbelliferous Bupleurum 

 fruticosum, Plantago Cynops, the boraginaceous Lithospermum fruti- 

 cosum ' The hotter and drier Nature is, the more numerous are the 

 woody species.' Bulbous and tuberous plants are also present in great 

 numbers ; species of Narcissus, Iris, Asphodelus, Muscari, Tulipa, and 

 orchids deck the rocks in springtime. Annual plants are relatively 

 numerous, as the climate is hot and there is sufficient open ground avail- 

 able to them. The herbs mainly belong to the Gramineae, Compositae, 

 Papilionaceae, and Labiatae ; they are so numerous as to determine the 

 physiognomy of the vegetation. Among grasses worthy of special mention 

 is the social, setaceous-leaved, Brachypodium ramosum. Aromatic plants 

 are extremely abundant ; everywhere one notes the strong scent of 

 Labiatae, species of Cistus, Terebinthinae, Ruta, the leguminous Psoralea 

 bituminosa, and of Compositae. 



The garigue is a complex of associations evoked by differences in the 

 soil. 1 Species of Asphodelus and Acanthus seem to impress a particular 

 stamp upon the garigue of Attica. It is a type transitional between 

 maqui and fell-field. 



The same formation occurring in other Mediterranean districts has 

 been described under the names of ' formation of rock-plants ', 2 ' fell- 

 heath ', 3 and ' stone-heath '. 4 Apparently it very often owes its origin 

 to the devastation of maquis or forests ; in particular, grazing goats often 

 check the regeneration of devastated maquis. 5 



Tomillares. 



These are communities of undershrubs, especially Labiatae, that are 

 common in Mediterranean countries, and especially occur on dry Spanish 

 plateaux. 6 The name is derived from the Spanish word for Thymus, 

 ' tomillo.' Various associations can be distinguished according to the 

 dominant plants, namely, Thymus-tomillares, La.va.ndula.-tomillares, Salvia- 

 tomillares. Despite the wide distribution of this formation almost nothing 

 is known of its oecology. 7 



CHAPTER LXXXIV. MAQUI : SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB. 

 Mediterranean Maqui. 8 



THE Mediterranean maqui is so styled in French literature, which 

 acquires the term from Corsica ; in Spain the name is ' monte bajo ', in 

 Italy ' macchia ' (plural ' macchie '), and in Greece ' xerovuni '. 



L. Blanc, 1905. 2 Willkomm, 1852, 1896. 3 Rikli, 1903. 



Beck von Mannagetta, 1901. 



As regards recent literature bearing on garigue, special reference should be 

 made to the works of Flahault (1888, 1893), L. Blanc (1905), and Rikli (1903, 1907). 



Willkomm, 1896; Chodat, 1905; Rikli, 1907. 



Regarding tomillares on the Balkan Peninsula, see Adamovicz, 1907. 



In regard to Mediterranean maqui, the following works should be consulted : 

 Kerner, 1886; Willkomm, 1896; Flahault, 1901 ; Beck von Mannagetta, 1901 ; 

 Bergen, 1903 ; Rikli, 1903, 1907 ; Vahl, 1904, 1906 ; Adamovicz, 1905 ; Gutten- 

 berg, 1907; Ginzberger und Maly, 1905. 



