INDEX 



A. 



Abies pectinata 314. 



Absorption of water, by epigeous 

 organs 118; by hypogeous or- 

 gans 117; by land-plants 117. 



Abyssal associations, saprophy- 

 tic, composition 1 76. 



Acacia, in Australian sclerophyl- 

 lous forest 309 ; shrub-lands 

 281 ; in West -Indian evergreen 

 bushland 302. 



A. horrida, in South African 

 savannah 299. 



Acaena adscendens, on Kerguelen 

 214. 



Acanthaceae, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Acanthosicyos horrida, on Afri- 

 can sand-dunes 270. 



Acid soil, formations growing 

 on 196. 



Adansonia digitata, in tree- 

 savannah 298. 



Adaptations, of aquatic plants 

 96; of land-plants 100, 101. 



Adiantum Capillus Veneris, in 

 Madeira 246. 



Adonis vernalis 290. 



Aegiceras tnajus, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Aerenchyma, in marsh-plants, 

 characters 186. 



Aestuaria 223. 



Aestuarium, with zosteretum 

 and salicornetum 230. 



Africa, mountain-steppe 261; 

 sand-dunes 269 ; tropical fell- 

 held 259 ; East, and Asia, 

 similarity of mangrove-plants 

 237; East, orchard-steppe 293, 

 savannahs 298, thorn-bushland 

 and thorn-forest 294; German 

 East, desert-flora 2 76 ; German 

 South-\Vest, Euphorbia-steppe 

 276, sand-dunes 270; North, 

 succulent-steppe 279 ; South, 

 desert-flora 276, salt tract 218, 

 savannah in 299 ; West, and 

 West Indies, similarity of man- 

 grove plants, 237. 



African savannah 298, 299. 



Agauria salicifolia 259. 



Agave, in succulent-steppe 279; 

 as tropical chasmophyte 244. 



A, americana, in Mediterranean 

 countries 364. 



Agrostis, in meadow 323. 



Air, adaptations of land-plants 

 to existence in 101 ; move- 



36; 



factor 



meats, an oecological factor 

 in soil, an oecological 

 r 43 ; in water, signifi- 

 cance 149. 

 Air- containing spaces, abun- 



dance in water-plants 98. 

 Aira 212; in meadow 323, 



324 325- 



A. flexuosa, in beech-forest 333. 



Aizoon canariense, exhibiting 

 espalier-shape 26. 



Alder-forest 335. 



Alders (Alneta), in woodland- 

 swamp 190. 



Alectoria-heath, composition 

 208. 



Algae, depth of occurrence in 

 water 150; formation of litho- 

 philous vegetation 169 ; regional 

 distribution 150; sand- 175,223, 

 225. 



Algeria, gravel-steppes 275. 



Alhagi camelorum, in vermuth- 

 steppe 278. 



A Inusincana, in alder-forest 335. 



A. viridis, in mesophytic bush- 

 land of Alps 328. 



Aloe, in South African savan- 

 nah 299. 



Alpine, mat- vegetation 318, 

 flora and associations 321 ; 

 meadow in Andes 322 ; plants, 

 leaf structure 254; species re- 

 placed by lowland species 251, 

 2 53- 



Alps, brome meadow 289 ; cal- 

 careous rocks of, chasmophytes 

 244; colours of flowers 255; 

 dwarf-shrub heath 213; fell- 

 fields 258 ; Festuca valesiaca 

 meadow 289 ; rarity of annuals 

 251 ; Rhododendron-bushland 

 215; waste herbage 289; 

 Southern, garigue 304; West- 

 ern, Pinus Montana in 216. 



Alvar- vegetation, in Gotland 

 290 ; in Sweden 290. 



Amarantaceae, on tropical sea- 

 shores 227. 



AMaryIfidaceae,'mSouth African 

 deserts 276. 



Amblystegieta 197. 



Amentaceae, mycorhiza 86. 



Amentiferae, in temperate meso- 

 phytic forest 330. 



America, palm bushland 291 ; 

 North, arctic fell-field 257, 

 deserts 277, deciduous dicoty- 

 lous forest 335, 336, grass- 



steppe (prairie) 285, salt-steppe 

 232, salt tracts 218, sand- 

 dunes 270, shrub-steppe 278, 

 280, succulent-steppe 279 ; 

 South, grass-steppe (pampas) 

 286, European species in grass- 

 steppe 287, mountain-steppe 

 261, palm-forest 347, sand- 

 dunes 271, savannahs 296, shrub- 

 steppe 280, tropical fell-field 

 258. 



Ammophila arundinacea, travel- 

 ling geophyte 9. See also 

 Psamtna. 



Anabaena, relations with Azolla 

 87. 



Anastatica hierochuntica, ques- 

 tionably a rolling-plant 277. 



Anatomy, of halophytes 219; 

 influenced by air in soil 44, 

 by humidity 30, by light 21 ; in 

 regulation of transpiration 102. 



Anchoring -organs, in young 

 mangrove-plants 237. 



Andes, alpine meadow, flora 

 322; deciduous beech-forest 

 336 ; punas 253, 261 ; Argentine, 

 shrub-steppes 261 ; Upper, Sali- 

 cornia-association 231. 



Andropogon Gryllus, in steppe - 

 flora 284. 



A.scoparius, in prairie-flora 286. 



A. villosus, a tunic-grass 116. 



Anemone nemorosa, travelling 

 geophyte 9. 



Anemophily, effect on physiog- 

 nomy of vegetation 83. 



Angola, ' Black Rocks' 241. 



Animals, and plants, relations 

 between 83 ; in soil, activity 77. 



Annual, plants, aestival 7 ; 

 hibernal 7; biennial- perennial 7; 

 species, abundant on dune 267. 



Annuals, rarity in arctic and 

 alpine regions 251. 



Antarctic, beech-forest, in New 

 Zealand and Patagonia 338 ; de- 

 ciduous beech-forest 336 ; fell- 

 fields, flora 260; forest, charac- 

 ters and flora 338 ; heath 214. 



Anthistiria, in Australian grass- 

 land 327. 



Anthocyan 330; in polar 

 species 255 ; in regulation of 

 transpiration 103. 



Anthoxanthttm, in meadow 



323, 324- 



Aphotic vegetation 150. 

 Aphyllous, forest, halophytic 



