INDEX 



413 



225; stems, characters 213; 

 succulence 219; succulent, 

 dark-green colour 220; and 

 xerophytes, agreement between 

 222. 



Halophytic, communities, fea- 

 tures 218; dimorphous species, 

 219; forest, aphyllous 229. 



Halo-plankton, 160. 



Haloxylon Ammodendron, in 

 aphyllous halophytic forest 229. 



Haptera, of lithophytes 241. 



Hard pan, formation 63. 



Heat, factor determining deve- 

 lopment of vegetation 35 ; in- 

 fluence, on distribution 28, on 

 habitats 28, on morphological 

 features 26 ; an oecological fac- 

 tor 22; of soil 51. 



Heath, definition 210; alec- 

 toria- 208 ; antarctic 214; clad- 

 ina- 208; dune- 265, flora 

 268; dwarf-shrub 210; erica- 

 ceous 210; in Falkland Isles 

 214; fern- 292; grass- 199; 

 lichen- 208; platysma- 208. 



Heather-moor 200. See also 

 High-moor. 



Heather-peat, composition 210. 



Heather-plants, growing on 

 wet and dry soils 194. 



Heberdenia exce/sd, in Makar- 

 onese maqni 307. 



Hekistothermie plants 36. 



Helichrysum, in Cape Colony 

 composita-steppe 279. 



Heliophilous (photophilous) 

 plants, characters 18. 



Heliophobous (sciophilous) 

 plants, characters 18. 



Heliophylls, characters 19, 20. 



Heliophytes, folded leaves 19. 



Helophytes 131, 136, 185 ; 

 adaptations 185 ; associations 

 and formations 186. 



Helotism 85. 



Hemisaprophytes 90. 



Heraclettm, large species in 

 Asian meadow 325. 



Herb- formations, 141. 



Herbs, renascent 8. 



Herzegovina, fell-fields 258. 



Heterotrophic growth-forms 6. 



Hibernation, of aquatic plants 

 183. 



High-dunes, production 264. 



High- moor, adaptations 201 ; 

 flora 202 ; formation 196, 200; 

 geographical distribution 204 ; 

 and low-moor, distinctions 203. 



Himalayas, Rhododendron- 

 bushland 215. 



Hinge -cells, function 120. 



Hippophae rhamnoides 264 ; in 

 dune-bushland 268. 



Hippophaeta, in dnne-bush- 

 land 268. 



Hippophaetum, in Jutland 291. 

 Holcus, in meadow 323, 324, 



325- 



Holly-bushland 328. 



Holoparasites 85. 



Holo- plankton 161. 



Holosaprophy tes.characters 90. 



Hoiickenya peploides 226; in 

 production of low dunes 264. 



Hordeum, in South American 

 grass-steppe 287. 



H. secalinum 231. 



Hot springs, Cyanophyceae in 

 151 ; flora 174. 



Humidity, atmospheric, an 

 oecological factor 28 ; effect on 

 structure 30. 



Humous acids, as cause of phy- 

 siological dryness of soil 195. 



Humus 63, 74 ; absence in soils 

 of desert and steppe 273 ; pro- 

 duction 60 ; varying demands of 

 plants for 64; raw, composition 

 62, conditions governing pro- 

 duction 210, mosses producing 

 207 ; soil, characters 60, ex- 

 cellence as nutritive substra- 

 tum 63 ; of beech-forest, mild 

 332, sour 333. 



Hungarian plains, dune-vege- 

 tation 269. 



Hungary, grass -steppe 284 ; 

 pusztas 282, 283; steppe 281; 

 waste herbage 290. 



Hydathodes, excretion of calcic 

 carbonate 103 ; of mangrove- 

 plants 238 ; types 101. 



Hydroeharid-fonnation 1 54, 

 155 ; adaptations 165 ; associa- 

 tions and distribution 166; 

 characters and flora 164. 



Hydromegathermic plants 35. 



Hydrophytes 136 ; lithophilous 

 J 54> '55! oecological factors 

 149; adaptations 97. 



Hydrostachydaceae 169. 



Hygrochasy 277. 



Hygrophilous plants (Thur- 

 mann) 69. 



Hylocoinium 212. 



Hymenophyllaceae, epiphytic, 

 in antarctic forest 338 ; as mist- 

 plants 341. 



Hypnum 212. 



H. stramineutn, in production 

 of peat in Greenland 205. 



Hypoxis angtistifolia 259. 



I. 



Iberia, see Spain. 



Ice, vegetation 163. 



Iceland, arctic fell-field 257 ; 

 colonization of lava-fields 351 ; 

 development of vegetation in 

 Vatn Valley 350; mat-grass- 

 land 319; mat-herbage 320; 

 myr 198; pastures 327; sand- 



dunes 269 ; significance of vege- 



tation 209. 

 Idioblasts, in halophytes 221; 



lignified, water-storing 126. 

 lie x Aquifolium, in maqui 306 ; 



spiny foliage 128. 

 /. canariensis, in maqui 307. 

 Illumination, regulation of, in 



control of transpiration 112, 



by movements 112. 

 Imperata arundinacea, 298. 

 India, jungle as savannah-forest 



300 ; monsoon-forest 337. 

 Infra-aquatic moor 197. 

 Intercellular spaces, in halo- 



phytes 220. 



Inula crithmoides 224. 

 Inverting organs, in regulation 



of transpiration 114. 

 Ipomoea Pes-caprae 10, 227. 

 Ireland, moskar associations 



208 ; nardeta 199. 

 Iriartea, prop-roots 342. 

 Iron-sulphur-bacteria 223, 



225. 

 Isoetes, as limnaea rosette-form 



Japanese forest, flora 336. 

 Java, lalang-vegetation 298 ; 



rain-forest 341 ; solfataras 68; 



tjemoro-forest 300; southern, 



evergreen bushland 301. 

 Juncaceae, in arctic fell-field 



257 ; on low-moor 197. 

 Jungermannia-form 10. 

 Juntperus 311 ; scrub-plant in 



Lapland 72. 

 J. communis 2 1 1 , 257 ; growing 



on wet and dry soils 194 ; in sub- 



alpine bushland 215 ; in thorn- 



bushland 291. 

 Juniper-swamp, composition 



191. 

 Jungle, in India, as savannah- 



forest 300. 



Junquillo-pampa 287. 

 Jutland, forests 363 ; hippo- 



phaetum 291. 



K. 



Kalahari desert, flora 276 ; 



stone-fields 275. 

 Kandelia Rheedii, in mangrove- 



vegetation 235. 

 Kangaroo-grass, see Anthis- 



tiria. 



Karoo, desert, flora 276. 

 Karoo-thorn, see Acacia 



horrida. 

 Kerguelen, antarctic heath on 



214. 



Kilimanjaro, orchard-scrub 293. 

 Kirghiz steppe, flora 270. 

 Kleinia, 276. 

 K. neriifolia, in Canary Islands 



279. 



