INDEX 



415 



Lowland species, replaced by 

 alpine species 251, 253. 



Lowland-moor 197. 



Lumnitzera, in mangrove- vegeta- 

 tion 235. 



Lycopodium 312; in pinetum 

 312 ; in tropical rain-forest 341. 



Lycopus europaeus, aerenchyma 

 1 86. 



Lygeum Spartum 284. 



Lyngbya, in hot springs 1 74, 175. 



Lysimachia Nummitlaria, 10. 



Lythraceae, in mangrove- vege- 

 tation 235. 



Lythrum Salicaria, aerenchyma 

 186. 



M. 



Madeira, maqui 307 ; rock- 

 vegetation 245, 246; waste 

 herbage 290. 



Madras Province, evergreen 

 bushland 301. 



Makaronese maqui 307. 



MaUe-scrub 281. 



Man, influence on vegetation 82. 



Mangrove 223, 234; Eastern 

 235 ; flora 235 ; tall woody 

 species, stomata 221 ; Western 



235. 



Mangrove-plants, adaptations 

 236; means of migration 237 ; 

 respiratory roots 236 ; vivipary 

 236 ; xerophytic structure 237. 



Mangrove-swamps, pneumato- 

 phores 186. 



Mangrove-vegetation, in pro- 

 duction of land 360. 



Manna, in desert regions 277. 



Mantle-leaves, see Pocket- 

 leaves. 



Maqui 305 ; in Australia 308 ; 

 in California 308 ; in Cape 

 Colony 307 ; 'in Chile 308 ; 

 Makaronese 307; Mediterranean 

 301, associations and flora 306 ; 

 pseudo- 307 ; sclerophyllous 

 scrub 305. 



Marsh, production 351. 



Marsh-plants 185 ; adaptations 

 185 ; aerenchyma 186; associa- 

 tions and formations 186 ; 

 pneumatophores 1 86. See also 

 Helophytes. 



Marsh-meadows, artificial 231. 



Mat-geophytes, characters 9, 

 classes 9. 



Mat-grassland, arctic, flora 319. 



Mat-herbage, arctic, flora 319 ; 

 characters of vegetation 320. 



Matricaria inodora 219. 



Mauritia, in South American 

 palm-forest 347. 



M. vinifera, in Brazilian savan- 

 nah 297. 



Meadow 318; adaptations 324 ; 

 characters and composition 323 ; 

 distribution 325; flora 324; sub- 



formations (associations) 325 ; 

 alpine, in Andes 322 ; brome, in 

 Alps 289; Festuca valesiaca, 

 on Alps 289; higher littoral, 

 composition 231 ; littoral, in 

 Denmark 322 ; salt- 223, com- 

 position 230 ; wood-, in Sweden 



325,335. 



Meadow-moor 197. 



Meadows, marsh- 231; sub- 

 marine, flora 178 ; water- 231. 



' Meal ' of A triplex 220. 



Mechanical tissue, develop- 

 ment, in relation to transpira- 

 tion 129; in land-plants 128; 

 in water-plants 98. 



Medicago denticulata, in South 

 American grass-steppe 287. 



Medinilla magnified, silica in 

 epidermis of leaf 345. 



Mediterranean, countries, gari- 

 gue 304, mountains of, forests 

 335, palm-bushland 291, sclero- 

 phyllous vegetation 303 ; flora, 

 304, aromatic species 306 ; 

 maqui 305 ; oak-forest 308 ; 

 pineta 315; region, salt tracts 

 218; Sea, salt-bushland of 

 shores 232 ; species, in Buenos 

 Ay res flora 287. 



Megistothermic plants 36. 



Meliaceae, in mangrove-vege- 

 tation 235. 



Mesembryanthemum, in Egypto- 

 Arabian desert 275. 



Mesophytes 101, 136 ; ana- 

 tomy 135 ; characters 135, 317 ; 

 morphology 135 ; in rock-vege- 

 tation 245. 



Mesophytic, bushland 318, 

 cause of production 329, dis- 

 tribution and flora 328 ; com- 

 munities 318 ; formations 317. 



Mesothermic plants 36. 



Mexican plateau, deserts 275. 



Mexico, monsoon-forest 337 ; 

 sand-dunes 271 ; shrub-steppe 

 280; succulent-steppe 279. 



Michigan, dicotylous forest, 

 associations 336. 



Microphyte-formation 141, 

 1 54i J 55> J 74! autophytic, 

 factors influencing 174; sapro- 

 phytic, composition 176. 



Microsfira desulfuricans 225. 



Microthermic plants 36. 



Migration, of species 364. 



Mimoseae, in Australian shrub- 

 steppe 281 ; in North American 

 chaparral 280. 



Minimum, law of (Liebig) 56. 



Mist-plants 341. 



Mixed, coniferous forest 315; 

 vegetation, distinct from seve- 

 ral-storied formations 143. 



Moist rocks, characters of vege- 

 tation 173. 



Molinieta 197. 



Moluccas, Canavalia-associa- 

 tion 227. 



Monocarpic plants 6 ; groups 7. 



Monolropa, 311, 313, 331. 



Monsoon-forest 336 ; in India 

 337 ; in Mexico 337. 



Monte-formation 280. 



Montenegro, waste herbage 

 289. 



Moor, forest- 203; grass- 197; 

 heather- 200; high- 196, 200; 

 infra-aquatic 197 ; low- 196 ; 

 lowland- 197 ; meadow 197 ; 

 sedge- 197; Sphagnum- 200, 

 359, 36o. 



Moor-pan, formation 63. 



Moorland, vegetation 193. 



Moraceae, in tropical rain- 

 forest 346. 



Morocco, succulent-steppe 279. 



Moskar associations 208. 



Moss, effect on water-content of 

 soil 76. 



Moss-bog, characters 198. 



Moss-formation 141. 



Moss-heath 205 ; distribntion 

 207. 



Moss-tundra 205 ; formation 

 196. 



Mosses, abundance in subglacial 

 fell-field 256 ; in arctic fell-field 

 257 ; in beech-forest 332, 333 ; 

 growing on rocks 241 ; on low - 

 moor 197 ; in meadow 324 ; 

 in pinetum 312 ; in production 

 of heather-peat 210, of peat in 

 Greenland 205, of raw humus 

 207, of sand-dunes 265 ; in 

 spruce-forest 313. 



Mount Lebanon, cedar forest 



SIS- 



Mountain-chains, influence on 

 plant-distribution 80. 



Mountain-pine, woodlands, 

 vegetation 314. 



Mountain-steppe, distribution 

 and flora 260. 



Mountains, European, fell- 

 fields 258 ; periodic changes in 

 temperature 249 ; rainfall on 

 249. 



Movements, of air, an oecolo- 

 gical factor 36. See also "Wind. 



Mucilage, excretion by water- 

 plants 99; production, as 

 xerophytic adaptation 276; as 

 protection against desiccation 

 194 ; in regulation of transpira- 

 tion 103, 104; as water- 

 storing agent 120, 121. 



Mucilage-cells, in halophytes 

 220. 



Mud-deposits, nature 64. 



Mulga-scrub, 281. 



Multicipital rhizomes, herbs 

 with 9. 



