418 



Quillaja Saponaria, in maqui of 

 Chile 308. 



R. 

 Baces, physiological, of parasites 



Bain, adaptation, in tropical 

 rain-forest, to mechanical action 

 of 345 ; falling, supposed pro- 

 tections against 33. 



Bain- forest Javanese, flora 341; 

 subtropical 338, 339, distribu- 

 tion 339 ; tropical 339, abund- 

 ance of species 341, adaptations 

 342, associations 347, charac- 

 ter of vegetation 340, distribu- 

 tion 339, 346, flora 346, lianes 

 341, utilization of space 340. 



Bainfall, distribution, import- 

 ance 34; on mountains 249. 

 See also Atmospheric preci- 

 pitations. 



Ramalina scopulorum, on shore- 

 rocks 224. 



Kanunculaceae. on low-moor 

 197. 



Raoulia, as cushion-plant 116; 

 in New Zealand fell-field 260. 



R. tnammillaria, as cushion- 

 plant 130. 



Rapistrum perenne, as rolling- 

 plant 284. 



Bare species, significance 368. 



Baw humus, production 210. 



Bed Sea region, salt tract 218. 



Bed snow 163. 



Beed-formation, see Beed- 

 swamp. 



Beed-swamp 186; associations 

 in temperate zones 187, 190; 

 characters of dominant plants 

 189; salt 233; in temperate 

 zones, geographical distribution 

 189; in temperate zones, plant- 

 adaptations 1 88; zones 188. 



Benascent herbs 8 ; types 9. 



Bespiration, obstructed in wet 

 soil 195. 



Bespiratory-roots, of man- 

 grove-plants 1 86, 236; in 

 marsh-plants 186. 



Best, period of, cause 25; in 

 arctic regions 25 ; in equatorial 

 regions 25. 



Besting period, in meadow 324. 



Bestinga, of Brazil, 272. 



Bestinga-forest 229. 



Betama-bushland, in Spain 

 306. 



Rhacomitrium 212. 



Bhizome-geophytes, character 

 9 ; classes 9. 



Bhizomes, mniticipital, herbs 

 with 9. 



Rhizophora, prop-roots 236; 

 in mangrove-vegetation 235. 



Bhizophoretum, 236. 



Rhodesia, tree-steppe 298. 



INDEX 



RJiodiola, 244. 



Rhododendron javanicum, in 

 Javanese rain -forest 341. 



Bhododendron-bushland, oc- 

 currence 215. 



Bhone, month of, colonization 

 of reclaimed land 351. 



Bock, bare, colonization 243; 

 soil, characters 59. 



Bock-plants, definition (Ottli) 

 240. 



Bocks, formations 239; moist, 

 characters of vegetation 173; 

 on sea-shore, vegetation 224; 

 tropical, flora 244. 



Bocky country, characters 239. 



Bocky Mountains, shrub- 

 steppe 278. 



Boiling plants 277, 284. 



Boot, form, adjusted to char- 

 acters of soil 56. 



Boot-climbers 91. 



Boot-tubercles, of Legumi- 

 nosae 80, 87. 



Boots, plank-buttress, of trees 

 in tropical rain-forest 342 ; 

 prop-, of mangrove-plants 236, 

 of trees in tropical rain-forest 

 342 ; respiratory-, of mangrove- 

 plants 236 ; of xerophytes, 

 deeply-descending 117. 



Bosaceae, on low-moor 197. 



Bose of Jericho, see Anastatica 

 hierochuntica and Odontosper- 

 mum (Asteriscus) pygmaettm. 



Bosette-plants 8, 9, 130; as 

 chasmophytes 244 ; heat a 

 factor responsible for 27. 



Rosmarinus qfficiiialis, in Medi- 

 terranean flora 304. 



Bothamsted experiments 68. 



Boumania,bnshland288; grass- 

 steppe 284. 



Bubble, formations 246 ; heaps, 

 of Norway, flora 329. 



Bubiaceae, in mangrove-vege- 

 tation 235 ; on tropical sea- 

 shores 227. 



Rnscus aculeatus, in Medi- 

 terranean flora 304. 



Bussia, salt-steppe 232. 



Bussia, steppes, origin and 

 climate 282; vegetation 283; 

 tundra 205; South, steppe in 

 281 ; South-East, vermuth- 

 steppe 278; Western, waste 

 herbage 290. 



Sahara, 276; hammada 275; 

 sand-dunes 269. 



Saliceta, in dune-bushland 268. 



Salicornia, exhibiting espalier- 

 shape 26; storage- tracheids 22 1. 



S. herbacea, culture-experiments 

 219; in production of marsh 

 351- 



Salicornia - association, of 



Upper Andes 231. 

 Salic ornietum 226; in aestu- 



arium, composition 230. 

 Saline, soil, formations 218, 



occurrence 218, physiologically 



dry 223 ; swamps 186. 

 Salinity, influence on sea-flora 



170. 

 Salitrales, los, see Argentine 



salt-steppe. 

 Salix, in dwarf-shrub heath 



211, 213; on tundra 215. 

 S. herbacea, hi snow-patch flora 



319- 



S. Myrsinites, retention of 

 leaves 193. 



6". repens 211 ; in sand-dunes 

 264. 



S also la Kali 226. 



S. Soda, culture-experiments 2 20. 



Salt, deleterious action upon 

 life of the plant 222; incrusta- 

 tions, in regulation of transpira- 

 tion 103; reed-swamp, com- 

 position 233 ; tracts of the 

 world 218. 



Salt-bushland 223; composi- 

 tion 232. 



Salt-desert 223, 233; of 

 Argentina 234; of Persia 234. 



Salt-glands, role 118. 



Salt-meadow 223; composi- 

 tion 230. 



Salt-springs, vegetation sur- 

 rounding 231. 



Salt-steppe 223 ; distribution 

 and composition 232. 



Salt-swamp 233. 



Salt-water, communities 170. 



Salvia-tomillares 305. 



Sand, colonization by plants 

 350 ; formations 262 ; soil, 

 characters 59 ; vegetation 350. 



Sand-algae 175, 223, 225, 262. 



' Sand-binding ' species 264. 



Sand-dune, grey or stationary 

 262, 265. 



Sand-dunes 225; of Africa 

 269 ; in arctic regions 269 ; in 

 Argentina 271 ; in Asia 270; 

 in Chile 271 ; distant from 

 water 263 ; in Denmark 269 ; 

 formed away from water 269 ; 

 in Germany 269 ; grey or 

 stationary 262 ; lacustral, in 

 Switzerland 269 ; in Mexico 

 271; in North America 270; 

 on shores of Lake Michigan 

 270 ; in the Sahara 269 ; in 

 Servia 269 ; shifting or white 



262, 263, adaptations 264, 

 associations 264, construction 



263, flora 264. 



Sand-field 262 ; dry, adapta- 

 tions 266, characters 265, 

 oecological factors 265. 



