REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION 59 



With both the High Renewal and the Arm system the wires are situated 

 at practically the same heights. With the former three wires are required 

 while with the latter two is the usual number although three may be used, 

 and in many cases is preferable. In eastern United States the Arm system 

 is generally the common one employed in growing the Concord, especially 

 in the Chautauqua "belt". Here it is known as the Chautauqua or Tree 

 system. The High Renewal is in general use for training the Catawba in 

 the Keuka Lake District of New York. 



The lower wire, with the two systems, is placed from eighteen to twenty 

 inches above the ground level, and with the Arm, if but two wires are used, 

 the second is about thirty-four inches above the lower. If three are employed 

 the wires stand about twenty inches apart with both systems. 



With the Arm training two canes are tied up at the beginning of the 

 third year, if the vines be vigorous. If growth has been but scant, but one 

 cane is left, while with extremely unfavorable growth it is cut back again 

 to two buds. The canes are carried obliquely to the upper wire when the 

 growth permits and there firmly tied either with twine or fine wire. The 

 latter is more commonly used now. They are loosely tied to the lower. 

 The pruning for the fourth year consists in cutting away all but two or three 

 canes and a number of spurs on the canes of the previous year. The vine 

 now consists of two arms, arising from near the ground, with two or three 

 canes of the previous year, and several two-bud spurs at intervals along the 

 arms. As far as possible those canes that have arisen but a short distance 

 above the lower wire are selected, other conditions being equal. All the 

 old wood projecting beyond the last cane on each of the arms is cut away. 

 The canes (now arms) of the third year are bent down from their oblique 

 position and tied firmly to the lower wire, to the right and left of the center 

 of the vine. These are now the more or less permanent arms. The vine 

 at this time consists of two arms, arising from near the ground, tied to the 

 lower wire to the right and left of the center, and on these are two or three 

 canes, pruned long enough to reach to the middle wire at least, and in the 

 majority of cases to the upper. They are tied so that they stand in a verti- 

 cal or oblique position. Along the arms at intervals of a few inches are 

 spurs, consisting of two buds. If the vineyardist maintains the arms per- 

 manently these furnish the fruiting wood for the succeeding year. At the 

 pruning for the fifth year one of the arms is cut away entirely, close to the 

 point of its origination. The remaining arm, reaching from the ground to 

 a point a few inches below the level of the lower wire, now becomes the 

 permanent stem. The vineyardist has two options for selection of the fruit- 

 ing wood. But first he must provide for the arm cut away. This is done by 

 the selection of a cane, arising from the remaining arm at a point below 

 the lower wire, either directly, or from a spur left for the purpose. This is 

 pruned to reach the top wire and is tied obliquely to it. This cane at the 

 next pruning is tied down to the lower wire and becomes the second arm. 

 Then the same selection of canes and spurs is made from it as was made 

 at the previous pruning, and the canes tied up as before. However if the 

 grower desires to retain the arms of the preceding year for a few years, 

 canes that have grown from the spurs, may be tied up and provision made 

 for the following year through further spurring. Spurs may be obtained 

 from canes that have arisen from dormant buds on the arm, or by spurring 



