106 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF VITICULTURE 



In the same experiment, summer pruning was found to reduce the crop, 

 the earlier prunings reducing it more than the latter ones. In that section 

 this practice is followed to some extent to enable late cultivations to be 

 given without tearing the vines. 



Diseases. The only serious diseases we have are Black Knot and 

 Powdery Mildew or Oidium. The first of course is not as yet controlled 

 other than by removing affected vines, the latter by the usual applications 

 of sulphur, during the summer. 



Frost. In the northern section, Vinifera grapes are frozen down about 

 every third or fourth winter unless they are given special protection. Oc- 

 casionally earl?/ fall frosts catch part, rarely all, of the crop. 



Winter killing by frost sometimes occurs in "Dixie" on the low, damp 

 soils where especial care is not taken to ripen the wood. Rarely the early 

 fall frosts injure the crop, especially of the late varieties like the Emperor. 



Pests. Phylloxera as yet has not been reported from any section. The 

 grape moth is present in some parts of the St. George district, otherwise the 

 only serious pest is the grape leaf hopper Typhlocyba comes (Say) var. 

 Coloradensis, mainly. Considerable loss has occurred from its presence in 

 the various cycles. They are readily controlled by spraying with nicotine 

 sulphate solution ("Black Leaf 40") strength 1-1200, just before the oldest 

 nymphs of the first brood moult for the last time. At the Southern Utah 

 Experiment Farm it cost $5.59 per acre in 1911 and $2.47 per acre in 1912 

 to apply this spray. 



Treatment of the Crop. 



In the largest Concord vineyard in the State, the grapes are picked 

 directly into eight-pound baskets, which are properly filled and faced at the 

 packing house. This about represents the common practice. The four-basket 

 twenty-pound crate is almost universally used for the Vinifera grapes. These 

 are usually packed with selected fruit and either sold on the local market or 

 to peddlers. 



In the St. George district most of the grapes are made into raisins and 

 are marketed in that form, otherwise the four-basket crate is much used in 

 disposing of the fresh fruit. 



The manufacture of grape juice is yet in its infancy, only one or two 

 firms attempting it. These are producing an article equal in every way to 

 the best standard juices. 



The large Concord grape crops bring ten cents to twenty-eight cents 

 per basket, the Vinifera grapes four to eight cents per pound. In Dixie 

 the price is one to three cents per pound. 



Reviewing briefly the condition of the grape industry in Utah, we may 

 say that it is far from being in a position to supply the present demand for 

 fresh grapes, not mentioning the creation or a greater demand, or the 

 stimulation of the manufacture of grape juice, for the State's trade of some- 

 thing over 18,000 gallons. 



With her ideal sunshine, soil and water, Utah should not only be doing 

 these things, but will be in the near future, because it will be found profit- 

 able. 



