226 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF VITICULTURE 



grape foliage on the young and tender shoots and some varieties were almost 

 defoliated. The bordeaux, arsenate and soap sprayed plot of grapes was only 

 mildly infested, so the results were of little value, as far as the berry worm 

 control was concerned. 



Spraying Experiments. 



In the experiments of Euclid in 1908, some eight acres of vineyard con- 

 sisting of mixed plantings of Concord, Catawbas and Delawares, with a few 

 vines of other varieties, were divided into plots. Each plot was sprayed 

 with a different mixture of spray and one plot was left unsprayed. The 

 machine used in applying the spray was a field type of traction sprayer. A 

 chain gear from the wheels operated the pump by an eccentric and the 

 horses in pulling the machine operated the pump. With six nozzles of the 

 Vermorel type, a pressure of 60 to 95 pounds could be maintained. These 

 nozzles on fixed spars delivered the spray almost at right angles to the roof 

 of leaves and the results obtained corresponded to the ineffective efforts to 

 entirely cover the grapes with spray with this type of spars. In this series 

 of experiments the plots sprayed carefully directing the nozzle by hand gave 

 results which were much better than on similarly sprayed plots where fixed 

 spars and nozzles were used. In the hand sprayed plots, every bunch of 

 grapes was covered with spray, leaving little opportunity for berry worms to 

 survive. 



Comparing the Various Plots. 



Comparing single and double spraying the results are as follows: 



Plot 2 Sprayed 3 times, June 2 to 7, 15 to 20, July 9 to 14; single 

 machine sprayed; sprayed with Bordeaux, 3-6-50; arsenate of lead, 3 pounds; 

 counted September 15, 1908; number of bunches, 28; number of sound 

 berries, 1,195; number of wormy berries, 328; per cent wormy, 21.5. 



Plot 5 Sprayed three times, June 2 to 7, 15 to 20, July 9 to 14; double 

 machine sprayed; sprayed with Bordeaux, 3-6-50; counted September 15, 

 1908; number of bunches, 26; number of sound berries, 1,369; number of 

 wormy berries, 143; per cent wormy, 10.4. 



Poison sprays giving the difference in effectiveness of stickers and 

 spreaders; also machine and handwork: 



Plot 8 Sprayed 3 times, June 2 to 7, 15 to 20, July 9 to 14; double 

 machine sprayed; sprayed with Bordeaux mixture, 1-6-50; iron sulphate, 4 

 pounds; arsenate of lead, 3 pounds; counted September 14-15, 1908; number 

 of bunches, 26; number of sound berries, 1,341; number of wormy berries, 

 182; per cent wormy, 11.9. 



Plot 9 Sprayed 3 times, June 2 to 7, 15 to 20, July 9 to 14; double 

 machine sprayed; sprayed with Bordeaux 3-6-50; arsenate of lead, 3 pounds; 

 hard soap (dissolved), 1 pound; counted September 14-15, 1908; number of 

 bunches, 25; number of sound berries, 1,469; number of wormy berries, 72; 

 per cent wormy, 4.7. 



Plot 12 Sprayed 3 times, June 2 to 7, 15 to 20, July 9 to 14; hand 

 sprayed; sprayed with Bordeaux 3-G-50; arsenate of lead, 3 pounds; hard 

 soap (dissolved), 1 pound; counted September 14-15, 1908; number of 

 bunches, 29; number of sound berries, 1,528; number of wormy berries, 11; 

 per cent wormy, .7. 



