REPORT OP COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATION 



305 



Fermented pomace, as it comes from the wine press, contains usually 

 from 40 to 50 per cent of solid matter, the balance being represented by 

 wine; the same, not pressed, contains about 35 per cent of solid matter and 

 about 65 per cent of wine. 



On the above stated average bases, which, of course, vary more or less 

 according to variety of grape, climate and vintage, it will be easy to estimate 

 in each particular instance the amount of stems obtainable. 



Any idea of the theoretical world supply of this raw material, at present 

 practically wasted, which, of course, would represent a far greater amount 

 than actual supply, and, needless to state, is of impossible realization for 

 obvious reasons, and chiefly because stemming is not yet the rule in wine 

 making, while in many cases the freight problem would also be an unsur- 

 mountable difficulty, is given by the following table, in which the theoretical 

 supply is estimated, for the sake of argument, on the basis of the wine 

 production in the various wine growing countries of the world, as indicated 

 in year 1909, representing an all round average year. 



Hectolitres 

 of wine 



France 54,445,860 



Italy 41,398,000 



Spain 14,767,911 



Algeria 8,228,719 



Austria 4,500,000 



Portugal 3,100,000 



Russia 2,400,000 



Chili 2,300,000 



Greece and Islands 2,200,000 



Hungary 1,925,000 



Germany 1,900,000 



Roumania 1,700,000 



United States 1,500,000 



Turkey and Cyprus 1,500,000 



Bulgaria 1,200,000 



Argentine Republic 1,010,000 



Other countries 2,351,455 



Total 147,526,945 



Metric tons of 



grapes, calculated 



on the basis 



of a wine yield 



of 65% 



7,350,191 



5,588,730 



1,993,668 



1,110,877 



607,500 



418,500 



324,000 



310,000 



297,000 



259,788 



256,500 



229,500 



202,500 



202,500 



162,000 



136,350 



317,446 



19,916,050 



Tons of 



stems yielded, 



calculated at 



the average 



of 4% 



284,008 



223,549 



79,746 



44,435 



24,300 



16,740 



12,960 



12,420 



11,880 



10,391 



10,260 



9,180 



8,100 



8,100 



6,480 



5,454 



12,697 



786,640 



The (practically) 800,000 tons of theoretical supply of this raw material 

 would mean, on the basis of a 20 per cent content, a supply of 160,000 tons 

 of cellulose. 



Freight, which represents an important item in the suggested utilization, 

 so much so as to be possible only where paper mills exist in or within 

 convenient distance of the district of supply, could be reduced in two ways: 



First by a partial drying of the material, such as is obtainable through 

 natural agents, viz: sun and air drying, which reduces its bulkiness. 



Second By pressing the stems into bales, which could be done either 

 by means of the same presses used for pressing the fermented grapes, or by 

 special hydraulic presses, as used in pressing hay, esparto grass, and similar 

 products. 



