384 'Old Time Gardens 



plains, labyrinths, wildernesses, " serpentine mean- 

 ders," " rude-coppices," precipices, amphitheatres. 

 His " serpentine meanders " had large opening 

 spaces at proper distances, in one of which might 

 be placed a small fruit garden, a " cone of ever- 

 greens,' ' or a " Paradice- Stocks," about which lat- 

 ter mysterious garden adornment I think we must 

 be content to remain in ignorance, since he certainly 

 has given us ample variety to choose from without it. 



Other " landscapists " placed in their gardens old 

 ruins, misshapen rocks, and even dead trees, in order 

 to look " natural." 



In 1608 Henry Ballard brought out The Gar- 

 dener's Labyrinth a pretty good book, shut away 

 from the most of us by being printed in black letter. 

 He says : 



" The framing of sundry herbs delectable, with waies 

 and allies artfully devised is an upright herbar." 



Herbars, or arbors, were of two kinds: an upright 

 arbor, which was merely a covered lean-to attached 

 to a fence or wall; and a winding or "arch-arbor" 

 standing alone. He names "archherbs," which are 

 simply climbing vines to set "winding in arch-man- 

 ner on withie poles." " Walker and sitters there- 

 under " are thereby comfortably protected from 

 the heat of the sun. These upright arbors were 

 in high favor; Ballard says they offered "fragrant 

 savours, delectable sights, and sharpening of the 

 memory." 



Tree arbors were in use in Elizabethan times, 



