8 One Thousand Objects 



scales in situ, may be mounted as a permanent object. 

 The scales are flat, with a radiating structure, and irregu- 

 larly toothed at the margin. (PL I., fig. n.) 



45. SCALE OF MAYWEED (Anthemis cotula). This is a 

 smaller and less attractive scale, with an obtusely penta- 

 gonal outline, and the margin very slightly toothed. (PL 

 I., fig. 20.) 



46. SCALE OF OLEASTER (Elceagnus hortcnsis). Though 

 not a British plant, it is commonly cultivated. The scales 

 are somewhat of the character of those of No. 44, but 

 more irregular in form. 



47. LUPULINE GLAND (Humulus lupulus). The glands 

 of the catkins of the Hop are curiously cup-shaped, vary- 

 ing in form with age. (PL I., fig. 23.) 



48. SPIRAL CELLS OF QUILLWORT (Isoetes lacustris). 

 This kind of cell is not uncommon in the internal structure 

 of plants, and is well seen in the Quillwort, which grows 

 plentifully at the bottom of clear rocky lakes. (PL I., 

 fig. 41.) 



49. SPIRAL OF HORSETAIL (Bquisetum). The spiral 

 fibres of flowering plants are generally more decided than 

 in Cryptogams, but the ' Horsetails ' furnish a loose kind 

 of spiral tissue which is of interest. (PL I., fig. 48.) 



50. SIMPLE SPIRAL OF HOGWEED (Heraclcum spondy- 

 liuni). The spiral of the common Hogweed is simple, or 

 of one thread, and may be obtained from the leaf-stalks 

 by boiling. (PL I., fig. 12.) 



51. SPIRAL OF PLANTAIN (Plantago major}, Similar to 

 the foregoing is the simple spiral in the leaf-stalks of the 

 common Plantain. These stalks cannot be broken across 

 without drawing out the threads of spiral fibres. 



52. SPIRAL OF RHUBARB (Rheum sp.) The leaf-stalks 

 of the garden Rhubarb, especially when old and 'stringy,' 

 furnish plentifully similar spirals. When thoroughly cleaned 

 and mounted in balsam they are good objects for the 

 polariscope. 



53. SPIRAL OF GOURD (Cucurbita maxima). In the 

 Pumpkin or Gourd the spiral is loose, and unwinds in a 

 kind of band. (PL I., fig. 39.) 



