24 



Individual milk and variation in age The milk of 

 each of the seventeen cows was also tested once a month for 

 fat and for solids not fat. Four of the herd were in milk 

 after their first calf. These gave about 1 gallon of milk 

 each in the morning and | gallon in the evening, for three 

 or four months, and continued in milk for from five to eight 

 months. Their milk contained the high average of about 4 

 per cent, of butter fat, and in no case was it under the 

 standard. Five of the cows were in milk after their second 

 calf. These gave about 1J gallons in the morning and about 

 1J gallons in the evening for the first few months. Their 

 milk contained about 3'6 per cent, of fat on the average, and 

 in only four cases was it under the standard. Seven of the 

 cows were milking after their third and fourth calves. These 

 gave for some time after calving about If gallons in the morn- 

 ing and 1J gallons in the evening. The average fat contents 

 of their milk was about 3'4 per cent. A cow in milk after her 

 seventh calf gave results very similar to the foregoing. 



It is evident from the great variations that occurred that 

 the amount of fat in the milk of any cow may be greatly 

 increased or decreased by certain conditions, such as nervous 

 temperament, excitement, weather conditions, or other causes 

 which cannot be traced to food or times of milking. One cow 

 gave milk with 5'2 per cent, of fat in April, and with 2'6 per 

 cent, only in May, and there were many other similar cases. 



SUMMARY OF RESULTS. 



(1) When fat may be low The morning's milk of a 

 herd may frequently be under the standard of 3 per cent, of 

 fat when milking takes place early in the afternoon, to allow 

 of this milk being retailed on the same day. For this the only 

 effective remedy seems to be to milk three times a day, to have 

 the third milking as late in the evening as possible, to 

 refrigerate the latter so as to keep it in the best condition 

 possible over night and to either retail this by itself next 



