12 



the summer as during the winter, and thus it differed 

 materially from that at Newton Rigg. The cows at the latter 

 place received no concentrated food during the first two months 

 on pasture, and only from 1J Ib to 2 Ib daily during the re- 

 maining three months, but those at Broomhaugh received from 

 5 Ib to 8 Ib concentrated food daily all the time they were on 

 pasture. 



The quantity of milk given on the average by each cow 

 was as follows : During winter, morning, 10 pints ; evening, 

 8J pints. During summer, morning, 9| pints; evening 8J 

 pints. The twelve cows therefore produced an average of 2J 

 gallons milk daily. The amount of fat generally shows con- 

 siderable variation from fortnight to fortnight, especially in 

 the evening's milk. 



Individual milk. The milk of the individual cows again 

 showed great variation here. Five hundred and four tests 

 were made, with the following results :- Morning's milk (252 

 tests), 40 tests under standard of 3 per cent, fat ; 46 tests under 

 standard of S'5 per cent, of solids not fat. Evening's milk 

 (252 tests), 17 tests under standard of 3 per cent, fat ; 62 tests 

 under standard of 8'5 per cent, of solids not fat. Here also- 

 increased quantity did not usually mean a falling off in 

 quality. Some striking variations occur in the milk of the 

 cows at Broomhaugh that are evidently due to the individual 

 characteristics of the cows themselves. The yield and amount 

 of fat in the milk of a cow called " Fidget " was extremely 

 variable; this cow was quick-tempered and very excitable. 

 Two cows called " Slaggy " and " Ruth " were of quiet and 

 peaceful dispositions, and the milk of these cows was very 

 even, both in quality and quantity. Another cow, " White 

 Rose," was quiet, but she allowed her milk to run from the 

 udder, and in this case the amount of fat was variable. 



