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have all the advantages of open-air treatment in the first 

 winter of their lives, and at the same time a considerable 

 amount of shelter from the walls and roofs of the folds. 



The cows are in the fields during the whole winter, their 

 only shelter being open folds and what they obtain from the 

 hedges. Each field usually winters from 7 to 8 cows, and has 

 an open fold, the gate of which is always open. This fold is 

 about 25 yards long by 20 yards wide. The gate is in the 

 middle of the south end. The fold is enclosed by walls from 

 7 to 8 feet high along the east, west, and south sides ; and has 





M> 



on the north side a wall about a foot higher, along the south 

 side of which a space, about 10 to 12 feet wide, is roofed over. 

 This covered part has south walls at each end, where there are 

 small enclosures railed off for straw, and these walls extend a 

 few feet beyond these enclosures ; otherwise the south side of 

 the roofed part is open and has simply a pillar to support the 

 roof. 



During the winter the cows at first receive straw only in 

 addition to the pasture foggage, and about Christmas an 

 addition of a small amount of rough cotton cake and crushed 



