colonies certain kinds have been found to escape to a con- 

 siderable extent the ravages of rust, and the last Conference 

 recommended that the work of selecting and crossing imported 

 wheat should be continued ; and for this it was resolved to 

 recommend the Governments to establish a central station in 

 each colony for testing new wheats imported, and producing 

 new varieties, and distributing them among the farmers. 



Germany. 



The German Agricultural Society, Deutsche Landwirtschafts- 

 Gesellschaft, issued a list of questions upon the prevalence of 

 rust throughout Germany in 1891. There were no less than 

 400 replies from all parts of the country. 



From these it was shown that East Prussia and the Rhine 

 Provinces had suffered the least from rust. Posen and Silesia 

 had suffered considerably more, as well as the Middle States 

 to Hanover and Oldenburg, and through Hesse and Nassau to 

 Wurtemburg and Baden. Thus in Prussia 83 per cent, of the 

 wheat-land was rust-free ; and 80 per cent, in Westphalia and 

 the Rhine Provinces, while in Posen, the Middle German States, 

 and Wurtemberg, the per-centage of rust-free wheat-land ranged 

 from 42*4 to 50 per cent. 



With respect to the loss sustained in Germany from rust on 

 wheat plants in 1891, it was reported by 143 agriculturists, 

 having 19,855 acres of wheat-land, that their average loss 

 amounted to over five bushels per acre. 



In answer to the question regarding the effect of manures 

 upon rust, the general reply was that where nitrate of soda 

 had been applied as a top dressing (kopfdiingung) the rust was 

 worst. Phosphatic manures, on the contrary, exercised a good 

 influence against rust. 



But little information is gained from the replies to the 

 question as to varieties which resisted rust better than others. 

 Winter wheat, Noe Weizen, was found to be more rust- 

 resistant than spring wheat, and among the most resistant 

 varieties Square-head, or Sheriffs Square-head wheat stood 

 prominent. 



The German Agricultural Society continued this inquiry in 

 1892, but the results have not yet been published. 



India. 



Rust is very destructive in India. At least it is certain, 

 according to the statement of the late Mr. A. Barclay, F.S.A. 

 that this disease exists in the Punjab, North- Western Provinces 

 and Oudh, the Central Provinces, and Berar. Mr. Barclay 

 estimates the annual average loss to the wheat-growers of this 

 area at nearly 3,000,000 rupees, adding that if rust prevails in 

 the other parts of wheat-growing India, as he believes it does 



