16 



somewhat round. In about five days the caterpillar comes from 

 the egg and works its way into the raised white receptacle upon 

 which the fruit, or, more correctly, the collection of little fruits 

 comprising the raspberry, is formed The caterpillar does not 

 injure the fruit, nor does it feed at all at this time. Mr. St dnton 

 says that it hibernates without feeding, and no traces of feeding 

 could be found either in the fruit or the receptacle in which it is 

 ensconced. It soon leaves the receptacle through a hole which it 

 makes at its base, and goes down into the ground where it 

 remains in larval form in a small cocoon during the winter. 

 Upon the approach of spring it crawls up the canes and gets 

 into a bud and feeds on it, remaining in this condition about 15 

 days, when it scoops out a hole at the base of the bud, and turns 

 therein to a chrysalis. This last state continues from 12 to 14 

 days. 



From observations noted this year it seems that a caterpillar 

 is not satisfied with one bud, but feeds upon one and moves 011 

 to another when it has exhausted it, or finds it not pleasant to its 

 taste. 



The caterpillar is the fourth of an inch long, in colour reddish, 

 or pinky red, varying in individuals, but becoming a pronounced 

 red later on. (Fig. 1 b.) It has a black head, black marks on the 

 segment next the head, three pairs of black feet on the thoracic 

 segments, four pairs of fore legs, and a pair of anal feet. The 

 chrysalis is exactly a quarter of an inch long and tapers some- 

 what unusually at its lower end (Fig. 1 c.) 



METHODS OF PREVENTION AND REMEDIES. 



The caterpillars pass the winter in the earth and rubbish 

 around and among the stocks of the raspberry canes, staying there 

 from about Midsummer until some time in March, early or late 

 according to the season. After an attack it would be well to dig 

 the earth deeply round and between the stocks with a digging 

 fork, or spud, or to hoe around the stocks deeply with a three- 

 pronged hoe, to destroy some, and bury some so that they could 

 not get out of the ground. Soot and lime, mixed in the propor- 

 tion of one bushel of lime to three bushels of soot, might 

 advantageously be dug or hoed into the ground, or lime ashes 

 might be used where these are procurable. 



Raspberry canes in field culture are pruned very closely, so 

 that there are but a few canes, or stems, from each stock. It 

 would not be difficult, therefore, to put a little thick soft soap, 

 mixed with carbolic acid or paraffin oil, or other offensive sticky 

 stuff, upon the lower part of each cane with a large paint brush. 

 This would, it is thought, prevent the caterpillars from crawling 

 up. They are so small that the least obstruction of a sticky and 

 disagreeable nature would stay their progress. Cartgrease with 

 a little tar in it would keep them best. 



