and park trees. The best reuslts will probably be obtained by 

 two sprayings at an interval of about ten days the first to be 

 done when the buds are just opened in the late spring and before 

 injury by the larvae is evident. In woodlands such a procedure 

 is of course impractical both from the standpoint of cost and 

 from the impossibility of penetrating the wilds with a high 

 power spraying outfit. Indeed, in the forests man's only hope is 

 the natural checks such as parasitic and predaceous enemies 

 which nearly invariably in the course of a few years control any 

 extraordinary outbreak of injurious insects. 



The woodsland owner can, however, lessen the danger of the 

 much increased loss which will occur if the trees which are 

 weakened by the budworm arc attacked by hordes of beetles cap- 

 able of breeding in them and completing their destruction. This 

 he can do by using proper methods in his logging operations. 

 If stumps are cut high and tops are not properly utilized they 

 serve as excellent breeding places for bark-beetles, weevil, and 

 other boring beetles, many of which when sufficiently numerous 

 will attack and kill weakened or even apparently healthy trees. 

 However, if the stump is reduced to the minimum, the top uti- 

 lized as far as possible, and the slash properly disposed of, there 

 is less opportunity for these injurious insects to breed and less 

 likelihood of their breeding up to numbers sufficient to become 

 notably injurious. In forests under natural conditions for 

 many years, these insects are always present, but in the north- 

 eastern United States, except following windstorms, fires and 

 lumbering operations, they do not usually occur in numbers 

 sufficient to do widespread damages. Perhaps the chief reason 

 why only a small percent- of the fir and spruce in the Chamber- 

 lain Lake region which was weakened but not killed by the bud- 

 worm, was attacked by weevils and bark beetles, is that a -con- 

 siderable time has elapsed since this locality has been cut over, 

 and the injurious forms were not present in numbers sufficient to 

 take advantage of but a few of the weakened trees. 



Trees killed by the budworm are by no means valueless, as 

 they will remain sound for several years and can be utilized for 

 pulpwood, provided they are not riddled by wood boring insects. 

 This is especially true of the spruce which seems to be more 

 resistant to decay than is the fir, and at the same time seems to be 

 less attractive to those borers which riddle the wood such as the 



