THE PUPA. 83 



drawn into first joint; third joint equal in length to the first and of a brown color. 

 This joint bears at its outer extremity three conical tubercles, one of which is large, 

 appearing like a subjoiut, and bearing a small tubercle ; mandibles strong, pale, with 

 their edges and teeth black ; teeth, four, rather dull. 



PUPA. 



After the larva has formed its cocoon within a folded leaf, its body 

 shortens and increases in diameter, assuming a somewhat fusiform shape. 

 Those parts that were light green become bluish or copper color. After 

 one or two days have elapsed the larva sheds its skin and becomes a 

 pupa. 



This is at first of a delicate green color, but in a few hours it changes 

 to a chestnut-brown, which sometimes becomes so dark as to be almost 

 black. This change in color is attended by a toughening and hardening 

 of the body walls. Frequently the head, thorax, and wing-sheaths be- 

 come darker than the remaining portions of the body. The posterior 

 third of the fourth, fifth, and sixth abdominal segments is much lighter 

 in color than the remaining part of the seg- 

 ments. When the pupa is much contracted, 

 the lighter portion of each of these segments is 

 covered by the following segment: The length 

 of the pupa varies from five-eighths to thirteen- 

 sixteenths inches (16 nira -2() mm ). Its form is 

 shown on Plate I. The wing-sheaths nearly 

 reach the fifth abdominal segment. The tip of 

 the abdomen is furnished with four hooks A 



short distance in front there are four other FlG 3 _ End ^ f pupa ahove 

 hooks, each one arising from a small pit. Fig. and below. 



3 represents two view^ of this part of the pupa, a the dorsal view, and b 

 the ventral view. 



When a field is badly infested with cotton- worms they frequently eat 

 the folded leaves containing pupa?. Occasionally such pupae remain 

 suspended by their hooks and fragments of the cocoon attached to the 

 remains of the leaf, as shown on Plate I. 



The duration of the pupa state varies greatly. During the warmer 

 part of the summer it is only six or seven days, but in the autumn indi- 

 viduals of this species have been known to remain a month in this state. 



THE ADULT. 



The size and appearance of the adult is represented on Plate I. The 

 general color of the upper surface of the wings and body is light-brown. 

 The anterior wings are tinged with wine-color on the inner and middle 

 parts, shading into a light olive-green on the external portions. These 

 wings are marked by several wavy transverse lines of a reddish color, 

 and by a black or grayish spot near the center of each wing ; outer 

 border fringed with white, with six reddish spots. These characters 



