APPENDIX ANSWERS TO CIRCULAR. 449 



Have plowed up in the spring what anpears, to unskilled observers, to be identical 

 with the chrysalis of the cotton-worm. [J. H. Smith, J. F. Calhoun, Dallas. 



I never have, though I am of the opinion that, they do hide away somewhere, and 

 that they survive mild winters. [I. F. Culver, Bullock. 



No. [John D. Johnston, Sumter. 



Have not. [J. L. Hausberger, Bibb. 



Never. [J. A. Callaway, Montgomery. 



I now (November 29) send a small box of chrysalides, which maybe of advantage in 

 determining the manner and habits of spinning after all the leaves of the cotton-plant 

 have been eaten up and nothing left except weeds or prass on the edges of the lield or 

 on ditches. The chrysalis has been known to live all winter, and also in the moth 

 state. I have known the chrysalis to survive a frost ; I have, in a few instances, seen 

 the chrysalis turned up with the furrow when preparing land in early spring, which 

 had certainly been thus preserved under or in the ground all winter. Col. Eli S. 

 Shorter, of Eufaula, whose land joins mine, imprisoned a chrysalis thus found, by 

 placing it in a glass jar, and it came out a caterpillar moth. I have seen many of the 

 moths in mild weather in the winters of 1873 and 1H74, and I am confident that both 

 the moth and the chrysalis survive the winter, the winter being mild. [H. Hawk- 

 ins, Barbour. 



Never. I have no idea that they exist in a chrysalis state in winter; but, as before 

 said, in the fly state. [Andrew Jay, Conecuh. 



Have never known a chrysalis to survive the winter. [R. B. Dunlap, Greene. 



I have never noticed them but a very short time after webbing up ; generally in about 

 three weeks they hatch, and I never knew what became of tuein ; there are so many 

 insects that resemble the moth that it is hard to distinguish them. [H. C. Brown, 

 Wilcox. 



I think most of them are destroyed by frost, but I do not think they all are. When 

 they have protection from cold, they survive the winter here. [J. C. Matthews, Dale. 



Never. The moth comes out at the usual time or the chrysulis dies. I do not know 

 the number of days I believe not exceeding ten till the moth emerges from its thin 

 shell. [D. Lee, Lowndes. 



I have not known the chrysalis to survive the frost or be found in a sound and healthy 

 condition iu winter, though others believe otherwise. [A. D. Edwards, Macon. 



In this locality the moth comes forth before cold weather, and I do not remember to 

 have seen a chrysalis alive after a freeze. [M. W. Hand, Greene. 



Yes. Thisjast winter, in preparing the land for planting, we plowed them up, and 

 to all appearances they were as lively and vigorous as when first webbed up on the 

 stalk. Have put them in open-mouthed bottles in a warm room and they would come 

 out a moth in a few days. [H. A. Stolenwerck, Perry. 



Have not, though I have never noticed particularly. [R. H. Powell, Bullock. 



I think not ; they become torpid under the influence of cold and rarely survive a 

 killing frost. [C. M. Howard, Autauga. 



Never have. [James M. Harrington, Monroe. 



Never have. [I. D. Driesbach, Baldwin. 



Dr. N. A. Lee says that he has often seen them during the cold weather in January 

 and February when he had plowing done in the field where cotton had been planted 

 the year previous, and this after frost, and they in a healthy condition. [P. D. Bowles, 

 Conecuh. 



Yes, all times of winter under the ground. [Knox, Minge, and Evans, Hale. 



I never did. [ J. W. Du Bose, Montgomery. 



Have not. [C. C. Howard, Autauga. 



This, perhaps, is the most important question asked, and if it could be answered with 

 certainty, would do more to determine where the next annual generation comes from than 

 anything else. I have found chrysalides during the early spring mouths in fresh -plowed 

 land that I belici-cd to be the cotton-worm. Have seen the webbed chrysalis in the 

 leaves after frost. Do not think that late in the season they are developed into moths. 

 If they do survive the winter, I think it is by being accidentally covered by the loose 

 earth. The black lands south of this are very favorable for this, as they are soft and 

 porous, and after rains large numbers of them would evidently be covered. The 

 chrysalis has a vermicular motion; are pointed at each end. May they not have the 

 power of penetrating the earth ? [R. T. Williams, Montgomery. 



This could hardly be answered satisfactorily, from the fact that there are so many 

 other insects that iu the chrysalis look so much like them. Some think they have 

 found them in the winter, but I can't say whether to believe so or not, but rather 

 incline to the opinion that they remain here iu the moth state. [R. W. Russell, 

 Lowndes. 



Except in cotton that had been put up in a house. [R. F. Henry, Pickens. 



The colored people tell us that they plow them up frequently this spring, and they 

 are all alive, and will, no doubt, hatch moths at the proper time. A gentleman of 

 our acquaintance experimented on one last spring, and it hatched out a moth in the 



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