PLATE LXIX. 

 POSTERIOR WALL OF ABDOMEN-KIDNEYS AND SPLEEN. 



This plate is taken from the same body as the preceding. The pancreas, 

 and descending colon, sigmojd flexure, and the liver, excepting a small portion sur- 

 rounding the vena cava, have been removed. Thus the kidneys, almost the eiitnv 

 length of the vena cava, and most of the branches of the abdominal aorta h.ive lin-u 

 exposed. 



The following diagram shows the anterior relations of the kidneys, hut it should b 

 borne in mind that these necessarily alter somewhat with each individual, according to 

 the height of the kidney above the iliac crest, and therefore can only be taken as a mean. 



The height of the lower edge of the kidneys above the iliac crest varies very con- 

 siderably, but on the whole the left is usually placed a little higher than the right. 



As the suprarenal bodies are not usually well seen in the dissecting-room, the 

 accompanying diagrams taken from Dr. Eolleston's paper ' illustrate their general form 

 and relations. 



Area co 

 uy liver 



Area cove 

 Iv perifon 



Internal area 

 cardiac endof itbmarl) 



Area covertd, 

 ly cava 



CAPSULE. 

 ANTERIOR SURFACE 



for Kidney 



Lower Iwlj" poncrras' 

 Si Jblfnif arttry 



RIOHT CAPSULE. 



PosTBitniR SURFACE 



1 Journal of Anat. and Phys. vol. nvi. p. 548. 



xterrtaf areo 



LEFT drtcm*. 

 ANTEMOB 



