HISTORICAL REFERENCES TO PEKINGESE TYPE 



nounced " bai ") dog, which became commonly known as 

 the " Lo-Chiang " dog, is mentioned in Chinese literature is 

 that on which the Hsin Lo State of Korea sent as tribute to 

 Japan in A.D. 732, " one parrot, one thrush, one Ssuchuan 

 ' pai' dog, one hunting dog," and other animals.* Lo-chiang 

 (or Lo-kiang) is a sub-prefecture in Nienchow, about thirty 

 miles north of Chengtu, the provincial capital of Ssuchuan. 



The Lo-chiang dog appears to have remained in fashion for 

 three centuries, and one became very famous under the Sung 

 Dynasty. 



" In the reign of Hsi Tsoong (874-889) of the T'ang 

 Dynasty, a member of the Council of State named Wang 

 To owned a very " short-legged " (p'ei-chiao) dog named 

 Hua-ya (flowery duck). One night an assassin broke into 

 his house through the roof, but, being discovered by the dog, 

 was frustrated." f 



This reference marks the break-up of the T'ang Dynasty, 



latest, A.D. 150; from about A.D. 1000, at latest, it certainly referred to "short- 

 headed," " short-legged," " under-table," small dogs which may have been of 

 different breeds. 



The commonest generic name found in Chinese writings is " the dogs of Fu Lin." 

 It appears certain, however, that though this name persisted as a classical term used 

 by scholars up to the beginning of the Manchu Dynasty, it has long ceased to be the 

 common spoken name. The name may even have been purely literary, and never 

 used outside the writings of the scholars. Chinese who are interested in pet dogs 

 now always use the term " ba-erh " dog, and less commonly " hah-bah " dog as the 

 generic term. When using the colloquial term Chinese writers appear to have 

 endeavoured rather to represent the sounds for the common names in use, than to 

 establish a fixed generic character. 



It seems probable that the old " bai-rh " survives in the present word " bah-rh." 

 It may be noted here that generic names are usually monosyllabic among the Chinese, 

 and would naturally tend to remain so. Any lengthening of the name would be likely 

 to have a descriptive or qualificative meaning. The Chinese written character repre- 

 senting the sound would very naturally vary because the Chinese have never given 

 to the canine race the importance with which it is regarded by the European. Con- 

 sequently the references in Chinese literature to the "bah-rh " dog(which was written 

 by the scholars " Fu-Lin dog ") were probably so rare that a writer would invent a 

 character for the latter name. 



* " Hsu Jih-pen Chi." 



f " Yuan Chien Lei Han." 



