EVOLUTION OF THE PEKINGESE TYPE 



kept numerous dogs for the pursuit of deer, tiger, and bear 

 in their parks, and even used hunting-lions. It is, therefore, 

 not surprising that the court ladies took special interest in 

 pet-dogs a race which is considered by the Chinese of Peking 

 to be specially associated with the Manchus. In the north 

 Manchurian home of the dynasty breeds of toy-dog still 

 exist. . , 



Association of the Manchu Emperors with Lamaism, with 

 Manjusri, whose " hah-pah " dog was transformed into the 

 mighty lion upon which the Buddha was accustomed to ride, 

 and with the numerous Lamaist monuments of spirit-lions 

 cast or chiselled during the days of Ch'ien Lung and K'ang 

 Hsi, suggests that it was during early Manchu days that the 

 "golden-coated nimble-dog" of Peking became modified by 

 a combination of the characteristics of the breeds existing in 

 Peking and in Manchuria, to something of its present form. 



The cult of the lap-dog in China appears to have reached 

 its chief development during the Tao Kuang (1821-1851) 

 period. The Chinese will explain that the Manchu nobles and 

 ladies never had greater surplus of rents and " face-powder " 

 money to send to the " Old Home " in Manchuria than during 

 the Tao Kuang period, and it was possibly then that the 

 ;< sleeve-dogs," stunted dwarfs of any breed known to exist 

 to this day at Aigun * and Hsia-kwei in Northern Manchuria 



* The following is from a reliable Chinese correspondent : " A breed recognized as 

 sleeve-dogs exists at Aigun in Hai-Lung-Kiang, and in all the vicinity. I have a friend 

 who is a native of I-Lan, where, he says, sleeve-dogs are very plentiful. They are 

 very small and extremely intelligent. They can take things with their mouths as 

 men do with their hands. They know how to sit, beg, roll and to do other tricks. 

 Owing to their small size and weakness, they are always defeated by cats, when caused 

 to fight with them. 



" Most of the rich persons, managers of shops, or those of such inclination keep 

 these dogs. During the period when big sleeves were fashionable, these dogs were 

 kept in the sleeves and were called ' sleeve-dogs.' At the present time, however, 

 they are called " Pen-Lo " (lump forehead) ' Pa-Erh,' or the ' Shih-tsu Pa-Erh ' (lion 

 Paerh). The name ' sleeve-dogs ' has disappeared. 



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