DOGS OF CHINA AND JAPAN 



The main points of difference between the European pug, 

 Blenheim Spaniel, and King Charles Spaniel are the result of 

 modern specialization, rather than of ancient individuality. 

 " It is impossible to distinguish the skull of a Terrier from 

 that of a Spaniel, or either of these from the Pariah Dog of 

 India, or the ' Mongrel Cur ' as it is called in England," 

 wrote a learned zoological authority in 1868.* It would be 

 interesting to secure a scientific opinion on the skulls of these 

 breeds as developed at the present time. There appear to 

 have been very few references to European " short-mouthed ' 

 dogs, exclusive of the bull-dog, previous to the nineteenth 

 century. The first mention of abnormally short noses occurs 

 in 1845. Youatt speaks of the new short-nosed type as an 

 innovation. " The King Charles Spaniel of the present day 

 is materially altered for the worse. The muzzle is almost as 

 short, and the forehead as ugly and prominent, as the veriest 

 bull-dog. . . . The Blenheim Spaniel has degenerated of 

 late. The species may be distinguished by the length and 

 silkiness of the coat, the deep fringe about the ear, the full 

 and moist eye and the blackness of the palate." f 



Chinese records prove the existence of " short-mouthed " 

 dogs in the time of Confucius, 700 B.C., and similar dogs 

 were used for sporting purposes in Shansi, 500 B.C. But as 

 to shortness of coat there is no evidence indicating the period 

 it was developed in the Chinese pug. The Chinese name for 

 the pug breed is " Lo-sze," and it is interesting to note that 



(little short-coated dogs with black and tcrasi nose). Term probably derived from 

 Italian camoscio or Spanish camusa." " Dictionn. Littr6." 



"Murray's Dictionary" quotes: " 1601. Holland Pliny, 1336, 'The former 

 have flat noses, the other are flat and camoise nosed upward." 1386. Chaucer, 

 Reeve's Tale, ' Round was his face and camuse was his nose.' 1751. Chambers's 

 Cycl. s.v., ' The Tartars are great admirers of camus beauties.' " 



The Hon. Mrs. Neville Lytton says, " A white toy spaniel survive! till the time 

 of Queen Charlotte." " Toy Dogs," p. 39. 



* Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 510. 



f " Toy Dogs and their Ancestors," Lady Lytton, p. 89. 



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