THE CHINESE LION DOG 



previously. A similar breed exists in Shantung, but there 

 are two varieties of the Shantung lion-dog, one of lap-dog 

 size, evidently referred to by Dr. Lockhart in 1867 when he 

 wrote, " From Shantung is brought a beautiful black, long- 

 haired, long-backed, long-legged terrier, very much like a 

 black Skye," * and the other shock-greyhound similar in all 

 respects to the European greyhound, except for its shaggy 

 coat. Lauferf quotes from the " Annals of Shantung 

 Province," " There are various kinds of dogs. There are the 

 barking dogs with short muzzle and thin legs, excellent 

 hunters. There are the edible dogs with fat body, which are 

 served as food and reared in large numbers. There is a kind 

 from the Western Foreign [country], low, small, clean and 

 cunning, with which you can play ; it is called ' ha-pa 

 dog.' : " J How the breed came to be produced or originated 

 in Thibet it is impossible even to conjecture. As the 

 Tibetans resembled the Chinese in counteracting the cold 

 by increase in the amount of clothing worn and not by 

 heating the living-rooms, the production of long-coated dogs 

 was natural to the climate. Short-coated dogs would have 

 had but small chance of survival. The association of Man- 

 jusri Buddha with a small pet dog, which on occasions was 

 apt to be changed into a lion, may have suggested to the 

 devotees of Lamaism the idea of breeding miniature lions as 

 something of a pious duty, a means of acquiring merit, as 

 well as an indirect strengthening of their creed. The 

 Lamaists themselves say that their Tibetan lion-dogs are 

 bred to resemble lions, and they, like the Chinese, appear to 

 be willing to call any shaggy coated dog a lion-dog. 

 The first known use of the term " lion-dog " appears to 



* Proc. Zool. Soc,, 1867. 



t " Chinese Pottery of the Han Dynasty," p. 267. 



j Book XXIV, section on Products, p. 6b. 



183 



