DOGS OF CHINA AND JAPAN 



' Hu ' (trans. Turkish) dogs which nowadays are called ' ha 

 pa' dogs. There is also the name ' pa'rh' dogs. The long- 

 haired among them are designated ' monkey-lion dogs ' 

 (* nao,' a long-haired yellow monkey). The people of the 

 locality call it ' shih mmg kou.' " * 



It is to be noted that none but a literary or artistic Chinese 

 would call the ordinary " Pekingese " or the short-coated 

 pug by the name " lion-dog." This confusion of names is 

 similar to that which exists in England in relation to the 

 " Happa " dog a name which to a Chinese is generic and 

 simply indicates a lap-dog, which may be of pug, lion-dog, or 

 " Pekingese " variety. Chinese breeders of these small dogs 

 would no more confuse the names than a European breeder 

 would confuse the English greyhound, the Italian variety, and 

 the Borzoi. 



The Chinese lion (" Shih-tzu ") dogs are longer-nosed than 

 the flat-faced " Pekingese." Perceval Landon remarks that 

 in Tibet itself the Tibetan " terrier " is " a long-coated 

 little fellow with a sharp nose, prick ears, and, as a rule, black 

 from muzzle to tail, found but seldom in a pure state." f 

 They may be of any colour, but must be strong in bone, 

 short-legged and large-eyed. Like the Chinese Chow-dog, 

 they are affectionate to their own masters, but shy and 

 distrustful of strangers. In China, the breed is nowadays 

 sometimes crossed with " Pekingese " with a view to intro- 

 ducing length of coat into that breed. 



The Empress Dowager found great difficulty in rearing the 

 Tibetan dogs, which are somewhat delicate, being very 

 susceptible to pneumonia, and require more care than the 

 race usually known as " Pekingese." 



Lion-dogs are figured in old Chinese pictures in con- 



* " Book L, p. 280. 



f " Lhasa," Perceval Landon, p. 387. 



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