372 THE DISEASES OF THE SEXUAL GLANDS 



2. On the accessory genital apparatus. 



3. On the so-called secondary sexual characters. 



Hence the question is explained in the male sex. As has been mentioned 

 it is hard to assume that in women such an important organ should be 

 absent. 



Although it is now established that the interstitial glands exercise an 

 entirely essential influence on the development of the secondary sexual 

 characters, we must still regard the question of the genesis of the secondary 

 sexual characters and their relations to the sexual glands as one that is 

 much argued. There is no uniformity in the definition, even of the sec- 

 ondary sexual characters. Darwin understands by them any sexual char- 

 acters that are characteristic for the sex in question, but which have nothing 

 directly to do with reproduction. 



R. Mutter divides the secondary sexual characters into physical and 

 mental, and further divides them into: 



1. Such as have entered into an intimate relationship with the propaga- 

 tion and nurture of the young animals: for example, female pelvis, 

 mammary glands, temperament, sexual instinct, maternal love. 



2. Such in which are shown an immediate dependence on sexual glands: 

 skeleton, muscular system, skin-appendages (antlers, horns, combs, 

 etc.), formation of the larynx, swelling of the thyroid gland, etc. 



3. Such that are only mediately dependent on the sexual glands: internal 

 organs, different psychical activity, etc. 



I wish from the beginning to limit myself to these two definitions. My 

 attitude toward them will be stated later. 



First I shall describe more in detail the distinguishing features between 

 the [human] male and female bodies, following the exposition of Novak. 

 The female and male bodies are far more like each other up to the time of 

 puberty than later. Before puberty both show the infantile type, although 

 extensive differences exist even in the earliest period of embryonal life. 

 For instance the pelvis may be recognized as feminine as early as the fifth 

 month of embryonal existence (Fehling) . At the time of puberty the growth 

 in both sexes is essentially increased. In the male the larynx now enlarges, 

 the voice changes, the growth of the beard begins to be more evident; in the 

 female, the breasts develop, the characteristic form of pelvis becomes more 

 prominent, the figure becomes rounded and an abundant deposit of fat is 

 found especially on the hips. In both sexes there now occurs a growth of 

 pubic and axillary hairs, the former in women remaining bounded above by 

 a horizontal line, while in man it closes above in the form of a triangle. In 

 man the body size is on the average greater, the horizontal circumference of 

 the head is slighter in relation to the body height, in woman the capacity of 

 the head is less, as is also the extension of the facial part. In man the ex- 

 tremities are longer in relation to the length of torso, in woman this is re- 



