THE GENERATIVE APPARATUS 377 



by castration. I believe that this would be the case, just as the sexual life 

 fails to develop, in those castrated in early youth. The circumstance that 

 ovulation and menstruation do not always occur at the same time does 

 not seem to me very essential. It is conceivable that the acme of the in- 

 ternal secretory function of the maturing follicle and the reaction of the 

 organism due to this in many cases occur before the extrusion of the egg, in 

 fashion similar to that which Halban assumes for the function of the chori- 

 onic epithelium in pregnancy. While therefore ovulation is independent of 

 menstruation, ovulation may continue to exist when menstruation is ab- 

 sent. This is satisfactorily demonstrated by the fact that women a long 

 time amenorrheic may conceive. Indeed ovulation may take place in 

 women who have never menstruated; then are found eventually only 

 cyclical swelling of the uterine mucous membranes, or cyclical leucorrhea 

 (Ogorek). 



Pregnancy. Even after fructification the ovulation shows certain starts 

 [Ansatze] (Ravano-Fellner) , then it ceases entirely, and menstruation ceases 

 with it. The corpus luteum persists. Probably the cessation of ovulation 

 is to be referred to persistence of the corpus luteum, or both manifesta- 

 tions are to be referred to the developing fetus or much more to the develop- 

 ment of the chorionic epithelium. I. cite the following from' known facts 

 that are important for the understanding of these relationships. In the 

 cow there not rarely occurs persistence and hypertrophy of the corpus lu- 

 teum. Then rut ceases. If the corpus luteum be removed, rut recurs. 

 Moreover Kleinhans and Schenk showed that extirpation of the corpus luteum 

 alone does not lead to interruption of pregnancy, therefore that the develop- 

 ment of the fertilized egg is not dependent on corpus luteum. 



Pregnancy leads to profound changes in the maternal organism. Accord- 

 ing to Neumann and Hermann lipoidemia can always be demonstrated. 

 They found the lipoidemia also after castration and in the climacteric period. 

 I would refer it especially to the cessation of the activities of the follicular 

 apparatus. Further, during pregnancy, are found signs of a heightened 

 excitability of the vegetative nervous system. L. Pollak could show during 

 pregnancy heightened glycosuric action of adrenalin. The statement 

 as to an increased adrenolinemia in pregnant women (Neu) could not be 

 corroborated by Neubauer and Novak. 



Very commonly in the latter stages of pregnancy is found a neutro- 

 philic hyperleucocytosis. Further the temperature is placed at a higher 

 level, and also the blood-pressure and the pulse rate are higher. 



Also investigations on the metabolism have shown that there are pro- 

 found alterations. Folk and Hesky, and Zangemeister found relative in- 

 crease in the ammoniacal nitrogen, Leersum, Rebaudi, and Falk and Hesky 

 found increase in the amino acids, the authors last-named also an increase in 

 the polypeptid nitrogen, and Salamon and Saxl an increase in the elimina- 



