HERMAPHRODITISM 387 



ries as well as testicles are capable of functionating, are as yet unknown 

 in man. But there are cases of so-called ovotestis; I will cite some examples. 

 A case of Salen was that of a forty-three-year-old "woman." Menstruation 

 had existed since the seventeenth year, the clitoris was 5 cm. long, the vagina 

 6 cm. long, the labia majora were of normal development, the habitus was 

 feminine. The ovotestes show in the ovarian part Graafian follicles and 

 typical ovules, in the testicular part seminal tubules, Leydig's interstitial cells, 

 but no sperm. The case of Simon was that of a twenty-year-old "man." 

 The individual felt as if he were a man. The sexual inclination was mascu- 

 line. Menstruation had existed for three years, the secondary sexual 

 characters were mixed, with the feminine predominant. The labia majora 

 were well developed, the penis was 6.5 cm. long, the glans was not perforated. 

 There were found tubes, parovaries, and ligamenta lata; vasa deferentia and 

 epididymis were without connection with the testicular part of the ovatestis. 

 In the latter were found typical sexual glandular tissue of both sexes, but no 

 sure signs of function. 



In pseudohermaphroditism there are found sexual glands of one sex and 

 the sexual characters of the other. We distinguish pseudohermaphroditismus 

 internus, if only the internal sexual passages of the other sex are present, 

 and a pseudohermaphroditismus externus, if only the external sexual passsages 

 of the opposite sex are present, and a pseudohermaphroditismus completus 

 when both external and internal sexual passages of the other sex are present. 

 Further, according to the prevalence of the sexual glands a pseudohermaphro- 

 ditismus Jemininus or masculinus. 



As an example of the pseudohermaphroditismus completus I cite the 

 case of Heyn. The habitus of a forty-six-year-old individual was entirely 

 feminine. The person married at the age of twenty-one years, sexual inter- 

 course was entirely normal and was attended with orgasm and discharge. 

 There was found a vaginal cul-de-sac; uterus, ovaries, prostate were absent. 

 Testicles were present on both sides. 



In pseudohermaphroditism are found all conceivable varieties. There 

 are cases of somatic pseudohermaphroditism in which not only the sexual 

 organs but all the psychical characteristics of the other sex prevail, v. 

 Neugebaudr has collected twenty-five such cases. Further, there are cases in 

 which the secondary sexual characters, such as hairiness, voice, dimensioning 

 of the body, belong partly to one and partly to the other sex, and there are 

 cases in which the sexual glands and genitalia belong to one, the secondary 

 sexual characters to the other sex (pseudohermaphroditismus secundarius , 

 Halban) . 



Finally there are observations concerning unilateral pseudohermaphro- 

 ditism. In man so far as is known, this has been observed in a very rudi- 

 mentary form only. Halban cites cases of unilateral development of the 

 breasts in women. There are, however, numerous such observations 011 



