410 THE DISEASES OF THE SEXUAL GLANDS 



The blood examined in my case showed normal values for erythrocytes 

 and hemoglobin. The leucocyte count was near normal; in all cases there 

 existed a pronounced mononucleosis. Lately also Guggenheimer has found 

 the marked predominance of lymphocytes in several cases of eunuchoidism; 

 in one case he saw hyperleucocytosis with predominance of the mononuclear 

 cells. 1 



The thymus gland showed abnormally slight involution (Kolisko, and 

 Tandler and Grosz) . 



The findings in the internal organs show no essential alterations, except 

 such as must be regarded as coincident. In one case the heart shadow as 

 shown by the X-ray was seen by me to be strikingly small. 



Perhaps the excitability of the vegetative nerves in cases of eunuchoid- 

 ism is somewhat reduced. This was tested in some cases with pilocarpine 

 and adrenalin, yielding a slight, but distinct, reaction. 



The development of the intelligence in such individuals is mostly entirely 

 normal. Feeble-mindedness, which has been observed in some cases, is to 

 be referred to other coincident developmental disturbances. On the 

 contrary, certain common traits do exist in the psyche of eunuchoids. They 

 are, as Tandler and Grosz notice, strikingly quiet, but little communicative, 

 and often but slightly independent. At any rate this mental condition is not 

 to be designated as infantile. The masculine quality is all that is lacking. 



Occurrence and Pathogenesis. Eunuchoidism, at least as far as its pro- 

 nounced forms are concerned, occurs essentially more frequently in the male 

 sex. Thus far the only typical incontestable case in woman has been reported 

 by Josef son and Lundquist. Perhaps to this may be added the previously 

 quoted cases of Swinarski, Pfannenstiel, and of Howitz. But here there are no 

 statements a.s to the proportions of the body, which would be very important 

 for the diagnosis. Animal experiments show us that castration in early life 

 produces long-legged individuals in the female also. We know very little as 

 to the cause of the developmental disturbances in the sexual glands. As was 

 mentioned previously, eunuchoidism in the male sex is very frequently asso- 

 ciated with cryptorchidism. This may be either abdominal or inguinal. It 

 may well be regarded as a partial manifestation of the developmental dis- 

 turbances and not as its cause. Moreover the developmental disturbance 

 may very well be congenital if it first manifests itself at the age of puberty. 



1 Guggenheimer states that in two cases of eunuchoidism he found hyperglobulia. He mentions, 

 moreover, that in these cases after the injection of adrenalin there never occurred an increase of 

 erythrocytes, but even diminution of these. He says that he could not "corroborate" the hyper- 

 globulia after injection of adrenalin as observed by Bertelli, Schweiger, and myself. This expres- 

 sion seems to me out of place. We have never asserted that we saw hyperglobulia after the injec- 

 tion of the doses of adrenalin used in man. The hyperglobulia observed by us in the dog after 

 larger doses had already declined after twenty-four hours. Guggenheimer, however, tested very 

 small doses of adrenalin twenty-four hours after injection. The individual values for the ery- 

 throcytes in Guggenheimer 's case also varied appreciably in the days uninfluenced by adrenalin. 



