Ill] AND HISTORIC TIMES 229 



xixth dynasty and predecessor of Rameses II. Moreover the 

 finely-shaped horses seen under the chariot are clearly not to 

 be identified with the horses of upper Asia, whilst, as already 

 pointed out, their dark colour is in itself a sufficient indication 

 that they are not of the upper Asiatic stock, and proves that 

 horses of a bay or brown colour existed in Egypt 1500 years 

 before the Arabs possessed a horse. Furthermore the horses of 

 Seti I (Fig. 68) carry their tails like the pure-bred Arabian of 

 to-day, but, as we have seen, this is one of the characteristics 

 that sharply distinguish the Kohl breed from the upper Asiatic 

 horses. I have already pointed out (p. 3) that it has been 

 assumed by M. Pietrement and others that the horse was brought 

 into Egypt by the Hyksos, who are further assumed to have been 

 Mongols, and that M. Pietrement has gone so far as to give the 

 name of E. c. mongolicus to the race termed africanus by M. 

 Sanson, and assumed by him (wrongly as we have just seen) to 

 have originated in North-east Africa. Now if the Hyksos were 

 Mongols, and brought the horse from Central Asia into Egypt, 

 we ought to find the characteristic upper Asiatic horse on the 

 Egyptian monuments, but, as I have just pointed out, the 

 Egyptian horses differ essentially in colour, shape, and fashion 

 of carrying the tail from all upper Asiatic horses of which we 

 have any knowledge, whilst it has been demonstrated that from 

 at least B.C. 1000 there had been a constant demand in Asia for 

 horses of this type, and that they have been continually passing 

 from Egypt into Palestine and Arabia, and through these two 

 regions into all western, central, eastern, and southern Asia. 

 Moreover there is not a scintilla of evidence for the theory that 

 the Hyksos were Mongols. On the other hand the proved facts 

 relating to the history of the horse are in complete accord with 

 the scanty historical data which we possess concerning the 

 Hyksos. For these we are indebted to Manetho,. the Egyptian 

 priest, who, after the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great, 

 compiled in Greek from the ancient records of his race a history of 

 Egypt from the earliest times, the value of which even in rela- 

 tion to the earliest dynasties has been strangely confirmed by 

 the excavations of recent years, even king Menes, so long sup- 

 posed to have been merely a myth; having been now proved to 



