Ill] AND HISTORIC TIMES 261 



the Libyan horses were being imported into Asia Minor through 

 Egypt at least as early as 900 B.C., and additional evidence will 

 soon be offered to show that the Libyan dark bay horses with a 

 star in the forehead were known in north-west Asia Minor by 

 at least 1000 B.C. 



It has been demonstrated that in western Asia bay pre- 

 dominates largely among the pure North African breed of the 

 Anazah tribes, and that all the breeds of western Asia which 

 have originated from the light-coloured upper Asiatic horse 

 by the admixture of Arab, i.e. Libyan, blood are generally grey, 

 rufous-grey, iron-grey, and black, as are to-day the horses of 

 northern Spain which are derived from the old European light- 

 coloured horse improved by Libyan blood. 



As then the crossing of the bay Libyan blood with the dun- 

 coloured horse of Asia and Europe has produced the same 

 results in Spain and western Asia, we are justified in concluding 

 that grey horses are not an original stock as has been held 

 by some, but are the result of the crossing of Libyan and 

 Asiatic blood. The same holds true of black, for it is found 

 in the areas where the two primitive stocks overlap, whilst it 

 seems unknown among true Asiatic-European horses on the 

 one hand, and pure Libyan horses on the other. We shall 

 soon see that among the feral Pampas horses, which are 

 descended from Andalusian ancestors, barely one in two 

 thousand is black. It seems certain that the grey and black 

 element in the horses of Andalusia and possibly even in 

 those of Morocco, is derived from the grey half-bred horses 

 of the Asturias and Murcia. Again, as it has been shown 

 (p. 157) that the dun-striped horses of Kattywar are the result 

 of crossing the upper Asiatic dun horses with Libyan blood, so 

 too the striped dun horses of the sierras of Spain are probably 

 due to crossing the old dun European horse with the same 

 Libyan stock. 



South America indeed not only had fossil horses, such as 

 the small Hippidium of the Pampas of Argentina and various 

 long-limbed species, but (unlike North America) had horses at 

 the first advent of man, as is proved by the existence of horse 

 remains associated with worked stone implements, pottery 



