486 THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUITATION [CH. 



farm implement. He avers that the waggon came into being 

 because miniature wheels in the form of the common spindle 

 whorls were already in general use. Dr Hahn points out 

 that he deals only with the four-wheeled ox-waggon, which 

 was used for religious purposes. But, as it has just been shown, 

 there is no evidence for the use of either the two-wheeled ox- 

 cart or the four-wheeled ox-waggon in primitive agricultural 

 communities, whilst it seems certain that the Libyans, who 

 never used ox-carts at all, had invented a very light form of 

 spoked wheel at least by B.C. 1500. Dr Haddon' has already 

 pointed out that there is no reason to believe that agriculture 

 was discovered only in some area of Eurasia, and that the art 

 thence spread over the greater part of the habitable globe, and 

 " it seems more in consonance with Avhat we know of the history 

 of sacred institutions and implements that the waggon had an 

 industrial origin and that it may well be that it arose in close 

 connection with agriculture." But though it may well have 

 arisen in connection with agriculture, as Dr Haddon says, yet it 

 may have come into use at a comparatively late period, and long 

 after the invention of the war-chariot. The ox-cart or ox- 

 waggon indeed was certainly in use in Greece in the seventh 

 century B.C., for a certain Argive lady wished to go to the 

 festival at the Argive Heraeum in a waggon and pair. When 

 the oxen did not arrive in time from the pasture, her two sons, 

 both distinguished athletes, yoked themselves to the waggon 

 and drew their mother to the temple'^. But if Dr Hahn's theory 

 is sound, we ought to find the ox-waggon not merely in the 

 early classical period, but in Homer. Yet neither the two- 

 wheeled ox-cart nor the four-wheeled ox-waggon appear in the 

 poems, though the four-wheeled mule- waggon plays a conspicuous 

 part. In such a vehicle Priam brought with him the rich gifts 

 with which he set forth to the camp of the Acheans to ransom 

 Hector's body from Achilles. '" Thus having spoken fleet Iris 

 departed from him and he bade his sons make ready the 

 smooth-wheeled mule-waggon (amaxa) and bind the wicker 

 carriage thereon^. 



1 The Study of Man, pp. 170-2. ^ Herod, i. 30. 



3 II. XXIV. 188-90. 



