And of Cell Life 15 



"emanation" proving its origin in the changing fields of ether 

 produced by the decomposition of electrical particles into primal 

 ether. If this were not so, the emanation could not attach itself to 

 substances in its immediate neighborhood, and bestow activity on 

 the inactive. If it is ether which surrounds all atoms, and binds 

 them together, when those atoms are brought into decomposition 

 the fields of ether must also be decomposed and suffer a change 

 of combining properties. 



As we have been tracing the parentage of chemical substances 

 to electrical energies, we must, after the same manner, trace the 

 parentage of the organic cell back to the atom itself. In the organic 

 cell we have an inner core, or nucleus, and an outer shell, or wall. 

 In order to establish a sameness between atom and cell, we will 

 look for a force in electrical activities that produces spherical or 

 circular rings. We find this constructing force called " magnetic 

 lines of force," and we are told they are always closed rings or 

 curves. 



Sir Oliver Lodge (and others) tell us that this magnetic force 

 is developed as a superimposed field (magnetic field) upon a 

 steadily moving electric field generated by a charged body. 



The following extract from " Electrons, or the Nature and Pro- 

 perties of Negative Electricity" (Lodge), explains the whole phe- 

 nomena attending the construction of an atom like radium, and 

 an organic cell. He says: "For just as there is no electrostatic 

 field save that extending from one charged body to another, so 

 there is no electric current except the motion of such a charged 

 body, and no magnetic field except that which surrounds the path 

 of this motion." 



If this statement is correct, there must be two " bodies " or parts 

 to the most infinitesimal particle. The atom must represent two 

 bodies as indivisible, and as an electrostatic field extends from one 

 charged body to the other, the space between the two parts must 

 represent an electrostatic field. That the atom is spherical must 

 also be true, because a magnetic field is produced by the motions of 

 a charged body. The magnetic lines being circular would bind the 

 two bodies as a spherical whole, because the positive lines beginning 

 at one body start out in all directions. When these lines were 

 forced to take on a circular form the sphere would be formed, be- 

 cause rings forming from all directions would produce a sphere. 



In describing the appearance of magnetism Sir Oliver says, " The 

 phenomena of magnetism make their appearance. A new set of 

 lines of force, quite different from the electrostatic lines (although 

 they, too, exhibit a tension along them and a pressure at right 

 angles) come into temporary being. These do not — like the electric 

 ones — originate at one place and terminate at another, they are 

 always ck)sed curves or rings, and in the present simple case 

 (uniform charge in motion) they are circles all centred upon the 

 path of motion of the charged body. At any point of space there 

 are now three directions to consider, (i) There is the original 

 direction of the electrostatic field; (2) there is the direction of the 



