And of Cell Life 19 



and a push from a given point. That this point is one of a centre 

 in a field of force, and also spherically stratified, is proven by the 

 fact that the Brownian movement is described as " an irregular zig- 

 zag line to and fro, vibrating unsteadily about a mean position 

 seldom reached." (Lehmann). The breaking down or displace- 

 ment of the whole into its parts would bring forth the movements 

 as described, because the parts or groups of an atom are probably 

 made up of different kinds of electrons, so that each charge would 

 move a definite distance and in a definite direction. 



We might further illustrate this origin of " true locomotion " by 

 considering the phenomena attending movements of gold particles 

 in a colloidal solution. Zsigmondy says, in his work on colloidal 

 solutions, that no matter how thoroughly water was distilled, in a 

 very short time " ultra-microscopic dust particles " made their 

 appearance in the water. These dust particles did not move, but 

 were suspended in the liquid, motionless. What does this signify? 

 That water being a growth, and a one-walled cell, the fruit of the 

 growth must make its appearance, and the crystalline particles 

 gathered into groups as centres of tension in an electrostatic field 

 of force. When the dissolved gold particles were added to the 

 water they moved about as we find the Rod and Spiral bacteria 

 moving. Why ? Because the added matter broke down the " field 

 of force," and the generation of gases pushed the particles about 

 in definite directions. If electricity is a condition of ether in the 

 act of " grouping " and so building up electrostatic fields of force, 

 we must look to the phenomena of gaseous occupation of space to 

 discover the origin of the powers of locomotion in the organic 

 cell. 



As Sir Oliver Lodge has declared, there is no electrostatic field 

 save that extending from one charged body to another, and " no 

 electric current " except the motion of such a charged body, we 

 are here forced to acknowledge the " electric currents " passing 

 from the core of the atom, or the nucleus of the cell to its outer 

 shell, or cell wall, to contain the amount of energy as electric 

 charges, that will carry or move the atom or cell just as far as 

 the charges will move before they are decomposed into primal 

 ether or gas. The direction in which the atom or cell will move 

 will be governed by the two activities, decomposition and recon- 

 struction. 



The core of the atom and its outer shell represent two charged 

 bodies, and the charges being generated by the core are its organs 

 of locomotion. The charges, as organs of locomotion, when form- 

 ing in straight lines, as positive charges, act the part of a " food " 

 for the outer shell or wall of the organic cell and that shell or wall 

 in turn finally sends forth a " filament," and we recognize this 

 " filament " xas an organ of locomotion arising from the cell-wall. 

 In fact, this filament arises from the nucleus, but we do not see it, 

 because it is the product of the decomposed field of force, as a 

 gaseous field between the nucleus and the wall. There could be 

 no individual nucleus and wall, or core and shell, unless there was 



