THE METHOD OF CEEATION OF ORGANIC FORMS. 205 



alike originated from the simplest forms known to ns. Multi- 

 tudes have remained in the earliest stages {Protozoa) of the whole 

 series, or of their own special series {Lingula), forming "persist- 

 ent types " ; or taken directions which rendered them incai)able 

 of expansion beyond a certain point without exhaustion or death ; 

 for example, complicated types, as AmmonitidcB. The quadruma- 

 nous animal, which was the progenitor of man, may thus be be- 

 lieved to have acquired a higher capacity of this accumulation 

 than his contemporaries. 



Assuming the nucleated cell to be the ultimate element of or- 

 ganic tissue, there are two types of life in which grade-influence 

 has not appeared, viz. : unicellular animals and plants, and living 

 forms composed of homogeneous protoplasm. In the latter neither 

 grade-influence nor animal growth-force is potential ; in the for- 

 mer, simple growth-force only. It is therefore apparent that grade- 

 influence has been developed in the organism itself ; perhaps this 

 may have been in the plant, through the modified influence of ex- 

 ternal physical causes ; in the animal, if our inductions as to use 

 and effort be true, under the influence of the activities of the par- 

 ent, which determined a structural change either in itself or in 

 its offspring. The possibilities of this origin are considered in the 

 next section. 



8. The Location of GroiutJi- Force proceeds under the direction 

 of what Prof. Henry calls "Vital Influence." With this author I 

 discard the use of the term "Vital Force," what was originally 

 understood by that term being a complex of distinct ideas. The 

 Vital forces are (nerve-force) Neurism, (growth-force) Bathmism, 

 and (thought- force) Phrenism.^ All these are supposed to be 

 correlated to the Physical Forces, but are under direction and 

 control of the Vital priyiciple which locates their action, etc., just 

 as molecular or atomic constittition determines the locality and 

 character of the physical forces. The laws of the vital jirinciple 

 and of atomic constitution also determine the nature of the con- 

 version of one force into another. Now, since physical and vital 

 forces are correlated and convertible, the close relationship of the 

 two controlling principles becomes obvious and suggestive of their 

 identity. 



* The objection of President Barnard to thought being an exhibition of a force, 

 i3 that " thought can not be measured." This objection does not take into consid- 

 eration the two- fold nature of thought. The amount of thought can most assuredly 

 be measured, the qnalily of the thought can not. 



