210 



GENERAL EVOLUTION. 



Choice is influence not only by intelligence, but by the imagi- 

 nation and by the emotions. 



Intelligence is a conservative principle, and always will direct 

 effort and use into lines which will be beneficial to its possessor. 

 Here we have the source of the fittest — i. e., addition of parts by 

 increase and location of growth-force, directed by the will — the 

 will being under the influence of various kinds of compulsion in 

 the lower, and intelligent option among higher animals. 



Thus, intelligent choice, taking advantage of the successive 

 evolution of physical conditions, may be regarded as the originator 

 of the fittest, while natural selection is the tribunal to which all 

 the results of accelerated growth are submitted. This preserves 

 or destroys them, and determines the new points of departure on 

 which accelerated growth shall build. 



The influences locating growth -force may be tabulated as 

 follows : 



DIVISION. 



INFLUENCE. 



Plants. 



Plants with me- 

 c h a n i c a 1 move- 

 ments ; animals 

 with indeterminate 

 movements. 



Animals with de- ^ 

 terminate move- I 

 ments or will,* but j 

 no intelligence. J 



Animals with \ 

 will and less Intel- >■ 

 ligence. ) 



Animals with \ 

 more intelligence. \ 



Physical and ) 

 chemical. \ 



+ 



V 9 



+- use 



-t- effort under 

 compulsion. 



-f- choice. 



-1- intelligent choice. 



As examples of intelligent selection, the modified organisms of 

 the varieties of bees and ants must be regarded as striking cases. 

 Had all in the hive or hill been modified alike, all soldiers, neu- 

 ters, etc., the origin of the structures might have been thonght to 

 be compulsory ; but varied and adapted as the different forms are 

 to the wants of a community, the influence of intelligence is too 

 obvious to be denied. 



The selection of food offers an opportunity for the exercise of 



* Will must be here regarded as the answer to stimulus, without any element of 

 freedom. See Article XX, on the " Origin of the Will." (Ed. 1886.) 



