288 



THE STRUCTURE OF FLOWERS. 



malformed Lolium peremie, in which the flowering glumes 

 had styles and stigmas (Fig. 65, a, b) ; the essential organs 

 being absent, were replaced by a tuft of minute scale-like 



Fig. 64. — Involucral bract of 

 Nigella, with autlier (after 

 Masters). 



a b 



Fig. 65.— Glumes of Lolium, with anther 

 and stigmas (after Masters). 



organs, some of which were prolonged into styliform pro- 

 cesses, the sexual organs being otherwise suppressed. 



In a proliferous case of Delphinium elatum described 

 and figured by Cramer,* the parts of the flowers were all 

 metamorphosed into open rudimentary carpels. The axis 

 was elongated and terminated above, in one case, by a 

 similar abortive flower ; in another, by an umbel of such 

 flowers, every part of which was more or less carpellary ; 

 while all the hrads on the prolonged axis, even those out of 

 the axils of which the branches of the umbel sprang, were 

 similarly made of open carpels. 



Progressive Changes in the Caltx. — The sepals are 

 usually homologous with the petiole of a leaf. This is obvi- 

 ously the case with the Rose, where the rudiments of the 



* Bildungsabweichungen, etc., heft, i., taf. 10. The figure is repro- 

 duced iu Teratology, p. 126. 



