Cattail Marsh . Mallards were the only vertebrates observed using 

 the small patch of cattails located on the south bank of the river 

 adjacent to the head of the Falls, but it is likely used by vole? and 

 deer mice. The area is too snrll and isolated to provide suitable 

 oreeding habitat for such characteristic species as the red-winged 

 blackbird, long-billed marsh wren, and sora. 



Shrub Habitats 



Willow . Riparian willows at the head of the Falls provided food 

 for beaver and breeding habitat for the willow flycatcher. Yellow 

 warbler and ?ong sparrows also used this habitat occasionally. 



Bi rch- Al de r-Dogwood . Conmon birds in this habitat include: willow 

 flycatcher, black-capped chickadee, gray catbird, American robin, cedar 

 waxwing, red-eyed vireo, warbling vireo, oranqe-crowned warbler, Nashville 

 warbler, yel low warbler , McGil 1 ivrey' s warbler, American redstart, 

 rufous-sided towhee, and song sparrow. 



Alder-Dogwood . This type was quite limited in extent and was not 

 investigated regularly. Species composition is probably similar to the 

 birch-alder-dogwood type. 



Forest Habitats 



Riparian Cottonwoods . The shrub layer of this habitat supports a 

 group of species similar to that of the birch-alder-dogwood type. 

 Additional species using the tall cottonwoods are the bald eagle, osprey, 

 American kestrel, common flicker, hairy woodpecker, common raven, common 

 crow, American robin, yellow-rumped warbler, and brown-headed cowbird. 



Snags (Deciduous) . Snags of cottonwood and (to a lesser degree) 

 birch and aspen provide perch sites for bald eagles, American kestrels, 

 and osprey; cavities within snags provide nesting habitat for American 

 kestrel, common flicker, hairy woodpecker, tree swallow, and black- 

 capped chickadee; cavity-nesting ducks (common goldeneye, harlequin 

 duck, common merganser) may also use deciduous snags for nesting (see 

 discussion on p. 7. 



Cottonwood - Conifers . This habitat is apparently a mid-succession 

 type in which riparian cottonwoods are being successfully invaded by 

 conifers. Characteristic bird species of this habitat are: bald eagle, 

 osprey, American kestrel, common flicker, hairy woodpecker, common 

 raven, common crow, black-capped chickadee, American robin, Swainson's 

 thrush, golden-crowned kinglet, ruby-crowned kinglet, cedar waxwing, 

 warbling vireo, orange-crowned warbler, Nashville warbler, yellow warbler, 

 yellow-rumped warbler, MacGi 11 ivray' s warbler, American redstart, brown- 

 headed cowbird, western tanager, lazuli bunting, pine siskin, American 

 goldfinch, red crossbill, dark-eyed junco, and chipping sparrow. 



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