order ; unkowns will be listed at the end of the appropriate taxonomic group 

 (e.g., "unknown hawk" will follow those hawks identified to species ;( "unknown 

 bird" will fall between the last identified bird and the first identified 

 mammal.) Under the column entitled "entire plot," the minimum 

 number of each species present within the entire plot will be estimated. Note 

 that the numbers in this column will not necessarily be the totals of the four 

 map sections. For example, a bald eagle may have been seen on section 1 and 

 also on section 3, but unless there is firm evidence that two individuals were 

 actually seen (e.g., simultaneous observations or separate observations of 

 one adult and one irmature), only one will be entered under the "entire plot" 

 column. Also, if four mallards (one male, three females) were seen on section 1, 

 five mallards (three males, two females) on section 2, seven unidentified ducks 

 on section 3, and six unidentified ducks in section 4, and if it was uncertain 

 that these groups did not mix during the census, the entries would be as follows: 



Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Entire Plot 

 Mallard 4 5 _ _ 6 



Unidentified Duck '-76 1 



This represents the minimum estimate of the total population present. If, on 

 the other hand, there was a reasonable certainty that the sightings represented 

 all different ducks (perhaps two groups were seen simultaneously, or perhaps 

 the river was in view the full time of the census and no ducks were seen flying 

 between sections), 9 mallards and 13 unidentified ducks would be recorded in the 

 "entire plot" column. Once this is done for all species, the number of birds 

 seen in the entire plot divided by the total number of hours of observation 

 ( minus any breaks ) will be entered in the last column (to the nearest hundredth ^^ 



142 



