SUPERFICIAL EXAMINATION 5 



hand over the dorsum of the tongue and dropped behind it, withdrawing 

 the right hand simultaneously with the release of the tongue. The 

 latter returns to its normal position, pressing the bolus backwards 

 towards the pharyngeal orifice of the oesophagus, and the animal is 

 stimulated to go through the voluntary act of deglutition. 



The inter-maxillary space should now be examined, and the student 

 should make himself quite familiar with the position and external form 

 of the submaxillary lymphatic glands. Passing the hand backwards 

 along the space, we come to the throat, where the cricoid (and in part 

 the thyroid) cartilage of the larynx maybe felt. Internal soreness of the 

 larynx may very frequently be diagnosed by the application of sHght 

 pressure with the fingers and thumb to this part, and this is the area 

 over which a counter-irritant should be applied in adopting such treat- 

 ment for inflammatory affections of the larynx or pharynx. It is also 

 the seat of operation for the removal of one of the arytenoid cartilages 

 in the treatment of laryngismus paralyticus or " roaring." Considerable 

 importance should therefore be attached to correctly locating the 

 cartilages. 



Attached to the posterior border of the vertical ramus is the parotid 

 gland, the external surface of which is usually quite flat, and is simply 

 covered by the skin, subcutaneous fascia, and the thin parotido- 

 auricularis muscle, so that in affections where the gland is enlarged, 

 there is an external indication in the form of a large convexity of this 

 surface. It is necessary to examine both glands and to compare them 

 one with the other, since some well-bred animals have normally very 

 large parotids, which are somewhat indurated, and in such cases there 

 would be a convexity of the parotid areas without necessarily implying 

 any serious disease of the glands. 



The area of the parotid is somewhat four-sided in shape, being 

 bounded above by the root of the external ear, in front by the posterior 

 border of the vertical ramus, behind by the wing of the atlas, and 

 inferiorly by a straight, slightly marked, cord-like elevation of the skin, 



