20 THE SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 



the ligament is the funicular division, and superposed to this again 

 is a quantity of fatty tissue which is interposed between the ligament 

 and the skin. 



Lying on the articular processes of the vertebra are the semispiiiales 

 muscles, one on either side, and in section these somewhat approach the 

 quadrangular. On the superior face of this muscle, and running in the 

 triangular space which is bounded by it inferiorly, the ligamentum nuchs 

 inwardly, and the lower border of the complexus superiorly, is the 

 superior cervical artery with its accompanying vein. 



Above the vertebra there are four muscles with their flat surfaces 

 directed towards the ligamentum nuchas, and in section therefore they 

 appear very much elongated. That next the ligament is the com- 

 plexus, and it is much the most bulky of these muscles. It occupies 

 practically the whole of the space between the semispinales muscles and 

 the funicular portion of the ligament. Externally to the complexus is 

 the splenius, the outline of which in section appears irregular on account 

 of the muscle being much thicker in its upper than in its lower portion. 

 Between the upper or thicker portion and the skin is the cervical 

 division of the trapezius muscle, which spreads out in the form of a very 

 thin sheet upwardly from this muscle over the outer surface of the 

 cervical portion of the rhomboideus muscle. The latter appears as a 

 thick band, which is wedged in between the trapezius outwardly, and the 

 funicular portion of the nuchs with the upper edges of the complexus 

 and splenius muscles inwardly. The trachelo-mastoid muscle is situate 

 above the semispinales and between the inferior borders of the 

 complexus and splenius. 



In the downward direction the trapezius spreads over the upper 

 portion of the outer aspect of the levator anguli scapuls. This muscle 

 is related inwardly to the lower portion of the outer aspect of the 

 splenius, to the intertransversales muscles of the neck, and to the upper 

 edge of the scalenus muscle, whilst outwardly it is related towards its 

 inferior portion to the superior part of the mastoido-humeralis. 



