THE TEETH 



39 



case is far different, and the operation of extraction is classified 

 amongst the most difficult with which we have to contend. 



There are two recognised methods of removing molars, namely, by 

 extraction, with specially constructed forceps, and repulsion, or punching 

 the tooth out of its alveolus by means of a mallet and small punch. 



Extraction bv Forceps 



Owing to the amount of force which is necessary, the forceps 

 employed are very strong and weighty, which renders great care 

 necessary in their use. Some operators even use a fulcrum, and the 

 tooth is removed by a process of leverage. 



The animal should be cast, and a mouth gag inserted. If the 

 tooth is loose in the socket, it is not necessary to anusthetise. The 

 tongue should be taken by an assistant, and withdrawn from the 

 side of the mouth opposite to that where the diseased tooth is placed. 

 The operator should then pass his left hand into the mouth between 

 the upper and lower rows of molars, the palmar aspect of the fingers 

 being directed towards the tables of the teeth of the row which 

 contains the tooth to be removed. Having passed the diseased tooth 

 he should rest the tips of his fingers on the table of the tooth 

 behind it. 



The open forceps should now be taken in the right hand, and 

 passed along the row of teeth. It will be guided on to the proper 

 tooth by the fingers of the left hand. The left hand is then 

 withdrawn from the mouth, and the handles of the forceps should be 

 grasped tightly with both hands. 



It should now be the object of the operator to loosen the tooth 

 in the alveolus by endeavouring to rotate it to and fro on its long 

 axis. If a fulcrum is used, it should be laid on the surface of the 

 second molar next the opening of the mouth counting from the 

 diseased tooth. The handles of the forceps are now pressed towards 



