THE SALIVARY GLANDS 55 



The gland is flattened, is elongated in the vertical direction, and 

 it presents for purposes of description two surfaces and four borders. 

 The outer surface is almost flat, and is partially covered by the thin 

 parotido-auricularis muscle, which descends vertically from its attachment 

 into the base of the conchal cartilage above, to be attached inferiorly to 

 the outer surface of the gland. Over this surface the panniculus also 

 spreads in the form of a thin sheet. Upwards and forwards across this 

 aspect of the gland the auricular branch from the second cervical 

 nerve passes, whilst the cervical branch of the seventh cranial nerve 

 crosses the gland downwards and backwards to gain the jugular 

 furrow. The posterior auricular vein also descends through the 

 gland. This vein, together with the auricular branch of the second 

 cervical nerve, must be avoided in performing the operation of 

 hyovertobrotomy, since they run slightly anterior to the position 

 where the cutaneous incision of this operation is made. 



The inferior portion of this surface of the gland is traversed 

 downwards and backwards to its postero-inferior angle by a furrow 

 along which the jugular vein runs, after the latter vessel has pierced 

 the gland from within outwards. 



The deep face of the gland is moulded on to the structures which lie 

 beneath it, and in consequence is very irregular. It lies over the 

 guttural pouch, the stylo-hyoid muscle, the upper belly of the 

 digastricus, the upper insertion of the mastoido-humeralis, and the 

 obliquus capitis superioris muscles, the styloid process of the occipital 

 bone and the styloid cornu of the hyoid bone, the occipito-styloid 

 muscle, the submaxillary salivary gland, the tendon of the sterno- 

 maxillaris muscle, the external carotid artery with its terminal 

 branches, and the seventh cranial nerve. 



The anterior border is firmly attached to the posterior border of the 

 vertical ramus. Between this border and the ramus, the sub-zygomatic 

 branch of the fifth cranial nerve and the seventh nerve emerge to run 

 forwards on the external surface of the masseter muscle, where they form 



