I40 THE SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 



which is placed at a higher level, and also to the trachea. On the left 

 side in the lower part of the neck it is also related to the oesophagus. 



The jugular receives the submaxillary or glosso-facial vein, which 

 helps to drain the blood from the face, and the course of which has 

 already been seen in the description of Stenson's Duct. 



Intravenous Injection 



This is one of the methods of administering drugs, in fact it is 

 the method of administration which is adopted when it is most 

 desirable that the drugs should take effect quickly. The first step 

 in performing the operation is to carefully locate the position of the 

 jugular vein, which is the vessel most commonly selected for this 

 operation. 



To effect this purpose the vein is raised by arresting the current 

 of blood in it. This is done by applying pressure to the vessel 

 with the thumb or fingers below the seat at which it is the 

 intention to operate. 



It is usual to stand on the right side of the animal and to raise 

 the vein with the left hand, leaving the right hand free to manipulate 

 the needle. Left-handed operators however will adopt the left side 

 for operating, and raise the vessel with the right hand. Having 

 done this, the seat of operation decided upon should be cleansed and 

 the hair removed. The hypodermic needle should now be taken 

 between the index and medius fingers of the right hand, its point 

 should be directed obliquely forwards and upwards, and firm pressure 

 should be applied to its base with the thumb — thus passing the 

 needle through the skin, the thin layer of the panniculus carnosus 

 muscle, and the wall of the vein into the lumen of the latter. 



That the needle has passed into the vein may be proved by 

 removing the thumb, when a little blood will escape through the 

 opening in the needle. The barrel of the syringe, having been filled 



