112 THE SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 



consist of two parallel grooves separated by a ridge on the inferior 

 extremity of the tibia, and two articular ridges separated by a groove 

 on the astragalus. These surfaces are then accurately adapted for one 

 another and form a hinge-like joint in which the movements of flexion 

 and extension are permitted to a considerable degree. 



The articular surfaces of the remaining bones have been described 

 in the previous chapter, and the facets presented are for the most 

 part flattened in accordance with the gliding movement to which the 

 joints are restricted. 



In dealing with the numerous ligaments of this joint, probably the 

 best method to adopt is that recommended by McFadyean, namely, 

 " to take first those that bind together the several tarsal bones, proceeding 

 in imagination to build up the tarsus out of its separate elements, 

 and leaving until the last those that are common to the whole tarsus 

 and those that unite the tarsus, as thus built up, to the lower end 

 of the tibia." 



Adopting this method we find that the two cuneiform bones are 

 united to one another by an interosseous ligament termed the inter- 

 cunean. Another interosseous ligament, the scaphoido-cunean, unites 

 the scaphoid to the cuneiform magnum, the areas to which the 

 ligament is attached having already been described in dealing with 

 the bones. So far as building up the joint is concerned the two 

 cuneiform bones and the scaphoid may now be treated as a single bone. 

 They, in turn, are united to the cuboid by four ligaments. Two of 

 these pass from the cuboid to the scaphoid and are hence called 

 cuboido-scaphoid. One is interosseous whilst the other, a thin slip, 

 passes transversely from the upper portion of the anterior face of the 

 cuboid to the anterior border of the scaphoid. The remaining pair 

 are called the cuboido-cunean ligaments and they connect the cuboid 

 with the cuneiform magnum. One of them is interosseous, whilst the 

 other passes transversely from the lower portion of the anterior surface 

 of the cuboid to the anterior border of the cuneiform magnum. 



