REDWOOD LUMBERING. 35 



Yosemite, and the near relatives of the redwoods the Big 

 Trees of Calaveras and Merced. 



The modern logging camp is similar in appearance to 

 the settlements made fifty years ago in the oak, beech, and 

 maple forests of western New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and 

 Illinois. The difference, however, in the objects to be at- 

 tained by the two classes, is diametrically opposite. While 

 the camp or settlement of the logger is formed for the ex- 

 press p urpose of pulling down the forest for the simple value 

 of its timber, the settlements of the early pioneers at the East 

 were intended as the centers of trade in the future, and the 

 producing of values from the soil upon which the forests fed. 

 About the same degree of discomfort characterized the out- 

 look of either settlement in the beginning. 



To the temporary visitor in either there is a sensation of 

 romance ; to the permanent resident it only suggests hard 

 work, long hours, and debarment from ordinary social life; 

 hence, only those who are accustomed to hard labor find 

 their way thither. These loggers' camps consist, perhaps, of 

 a dozen shanties twelve feet square, in which the men sleep 

 in bunks ranged upon the side opposite the entrance. There 

 is the cook-house fifty or sixty feet in length, and thirty feet 

 in width, wide enough to accommodate the sitting of two 

 tables lengthwise. The stove and utensils for cooking are 

 separated from the eating department by a partition of boards, 

 or cheap cotton cloth tacked upon upright posts. The cook, 

 usually of the sterner sex, is the oracle of the camp, occupy- 

 ing about the same social position as does the Justice of the 

 Peace in a mining district. He is invariably appealed to by 



