52 REDWOOD LUMBERING. 



train hands, usually four in number, who serve in the capac- 

 ity of brakemen and general utility men (excluding the engi- 

 neer), under the supervision of the boss logger in camp, con- 

 sume time to the extent of perhaps half an hour, loading the 

 cars with fifty or sixty thousand feet of logs. As high as one 

 hundred thousand feet have been hauled by a single train at 

 one time on the Freshwater. The minimum of a train load 

 is fifty thousand feet log measure. 



The railroad of standard gauge is necessarily built in the 

 most substantial manner, to carry the heavy weights imposed 

 in transporting these monster legs. The wooden railroad, or 

 tramway, is used in many places for transporting the logs to 

 the streams or to the mills, but as the more accessible timber 

 is being cut off, these are being supplanted by iron and steel 

 rails and locomotives. The logging trucks are made at the 

 different lumbermen's shops, usually located at " the round 

 house " or turn-table building on the road. 



The truck wheels and axles alone are bought in San 

 Francisco, and transported to their destination by sailing 

 craft. The beds and bunks are made of pine grown on the 

 higher lands in the redwood belt, and which, it is claimed, is 

 superior for this purpose, as well as for ship timbers, to the 

 Oregon pine or fir. 



Old ideas of supplying mills on large streams, or at 

 tide-water, with logs, have virtually passed away, and given 

 place to new ones more in harmony with the spirit and enter- 

 prise of the times. Formerly the streams running into the 

 redwoods were depended upon to afford the facilities for 

 transporting logs to the sawmills. For this reason, logging 



