Asddiacea 9fi 



the posterior end of the ovary, while on the right side they are at the anterior 

 end. In four large specimens from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of 

 Fundy the position of the testes varies, but in no specimen have I yet found 

 them alongside the ovary or near its posterior end. They are at the anterior 

 end of the ovary or distributed more or less around and under the renal organ 

 on the right side, and into or below the intestinal loop on the left, the extreme 

 condition being similar to the condition figured by Redikorzew for redikorzevi. 

 Whether this latter condition is more typical of individuals from more southern 

 waters, as the facts seem to indicate, is a question deserving investigation. It is, 

 however, at least doubtful whether redikorzevi is to be considered distinct from 

 griffithsii (crystallina) . In any event the testes in the latter species are to be 

 considered as varying in position and as perhaps normally being more or less 

 separated from the ovary. 



MacLeay's genus Cystingia antedates the Molgula of Forbes. It need not 

 replace the latter, seeing that the form on which it was based is one of a natural 

 group of species including redikorzevi and retortiformis, that should be separated 

 from the genus Molgula as formerly defined (see Huntsman, 1922). 



Rhizomolgula globularis (Pallas) 



For description and literature references on this species see HUNTSMAN, 

 1913, p. 137, and REDIKORZEW, 1916, p. 128. 



Station 20 b-c, 4 specimens. Station 20 d, 2 specimens. Station 21 d, e 

 and g, 1 specimen. Station 27 d, 32 specimens. Station 27 s, 1 specimen. 

 Station 37 e, 24 specimens. Station 41, 1 specimen. 



Redikorzew (1916, p. 128) has considered R. arenaria Ritter, R. r Uteri 

 Hartmeyer, R. intermedia Michaelsen, R. warpachovskii Redikorzew, and R. 

 gigantea Redikorzew, to be synonymous with Pallas' species, and there appears, 

 indeed, to be no sufficient reasons for considering any of them to be distinct, the 

 differences noted being no greater than might be due to age and individual 

 variation. 



Material at my disposal comes from Labrador, Hudson bay, James bay, 

 Bernard harbour (Dolphin and Union strait), Collinson point, Cape Lisburne, 

 Grantley harbour, and Bristol bay, the latter four places being in Alaska and 

 at widely separated points from north to south. The material from Bristol bay 

 (Albatross sta. 3229) has been identified by Ritter (1913, p. 444) as R. ritteri. 

 Of the characters that have been given as distinguishing species in this genus, 

 none seems to be sufficiently definite and invariable to base divisions upon. 

 The amount of sand covering the surface depends upon the nature of the bottom, 

 in some places being entirely absent. The shape varies considerably depending 

 to some extent upon age and state of contraction. The elongation may be 

 parallel or at right angles to a line from the attached to the free end. There 

 may or may not be lateral flattening. The "root" for attachment may be 

 simple and small or much-branched and extensive. The musculature is perhaps 

 relatively more powerful in large individuals and appears heavier in contracted 

 specimens. Its arrangement I have already described (Huntsman, 1913, p. 

 137). The tentacles vary in number and size. The dorsal tubercle has the 

 aperture between the horns directed from directly anterior to almost directly to 

 the left. The pharyngeal folds are more or less prominent, depending upon the 

 state of contraction and the method of preservation. The number of bars on 

 each longitudinal fold is not more variable than is usual in Caesirids, and the 

 small differences claimed as important cannot be considered significant. 



