120 THE SCHOOL BOOK OF FORESTRY 



her shipped abroad. One-half of the total export 

 was of this material. 



During the four years before the war our 

 imports of lumber from foreign countries 

 amounted to about 1,200,000,000 board feet of 

 lumber and logs. In 1918, imports exceeded ex- 

 ports by 100,000,000 board feet. In addition to 

 this lumber, we also shipped in, largely from Can- 

 ada, 1,370,000 cords of pulp wood, 596,000 tons of 

 wood pulp, 516,000 tons of paper, and close to 

 a billion shingles. Some of the material, such as 

 wood pulp and paper, also came from Sweden, 

 Norway, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands and 

 the United Kingdom. 



As a result of the war, European countries for 

 several years can use 7,000,000,000 feet of lumber 

 a year above their normal requirements. For 

 housing construction, England needs 2,000,000,- 

 000 feet a year more than normally; France, 

 1,500,000,000 feet; Italy, 1,750,000,000 feet; Bel- 

 gium and Spain 750,000,000 feet apiece. Even 

 before the war, there was a great deficiency of 

 timber in parts of Europe. It amounted to 

 16,000,000,000 board feet a year and was supplied 

 by Russia, the United States, Canada, Sweden, 

 Austria-Hungary and a few other countries of 



